水稻氮高效基因型及其评价指标的筛选

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以48份不同水稻基因型为供试材料，研究了它们的氮素吸收和利用率，及其与主要农艺性状之间的关系。结果表明，水稻基因型在氮素吸收利用率方面间存在明显差异，从现有的材料中可筛选出氮高效基因型。长伦占不论在低氮处理还是高氮处理均表现出氮高效利用特性，为典型的氮高效基因型。此外，还筛选了适于低氮条件种植的广恢128和茉莉占选；适于高氮条件种植的97香、2466和银花占。低氮高效型适合在贫瘠地区种植，而高氮高效型适合在肥沃地区种植。结果表明，水稻氮素利用率与抽穗期及乳熟期倒2、倒3叶的叶绿素含量呈显著或极显著负相关；与收获指数、稻谷产量和穗数之间均呈极显著正相关，它们可作为水稻氮素利用效率的评价指标。但是水稻氮素吸收率与利用率之间存在极显著负相关，因此，如何协调二者关系，既能提高稻谷产量和氮素利用率，又减少施氮量是急需解决的问题。

关键词: 粳稻, 粳稻, 光温敏核不育系, 开花习性, 异交性能

Abstract: 48 rice genotypes were used for researching nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency, and the relationship between nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and main agronomical characteristics. The results were showed that there was significant difference of NUE between different rice genotypes, and the high NUE genotypes would be selected from the entry materials. Chang-lun-zhan is the typical high NUE genotype that showed higher, stable yield whether in low-nitrogen or high-nitrogen conditions. Two rice genotypes e.g. Guang-hui 128 and Mo-li-zhan-xuan, and three genotypes e.g. 97-xiang, 2466 and Yin-hua-zhan had been selected for high NUE type under low-nitrogen condition and high-nitrogen condition, respectively. The high NUE type under low-nitrogen condition is suitable planted in poor soil, and the NUE type under high-nitrogen condition are suitable planted in fertilize soil. The results were also showed there was significant correlation at 0.05 level between NUE and SPAD value of top 2nd and 3rd leaf in heading and milk stages, harvest index, grain yield and panicle number, respectively. So, these traits could be used for indices of NUE evaluation. So, it is issue how to coordinate the relationship between nitrogen absorption efficiency (NAE) and NUE so that not only increasing grain yield nor improving NUE because there was significant negative correlation at 0.01 level between NAE and NUE.

黄农荣,钟旭华,郑海波. 水稻氮高效基因型及其评价指标的筛选[J]. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(6): 29-29.

Huang Nongrong, Zhong Xuhua, Zheng Haibo. Selection of Rice Genotypes with High Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and its Evaluation Indices[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2006, 22(6): 29-29.

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