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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (31): 6-11.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1014

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

南方粳稻化肥减量增效施用方法研究

方克明1(), 肖欣2, 秦蕾影3, 江麟4, 汪璐1, 张露1, 王美玲1, 章明1, 罗文汉4, 江红4, 黄花香5(), 钟国民4()   

  1. 1江西省景德镇市农业科学研究所,江西景德镇 333000
    2江西省林业资源监测中心,南昌 330046
    3江西省景德镇市农产品质量安全检测中心,江西景德镇 333000
    4江西省景德镇市农业技术推广中心,江西景德镇 333000
    5江西省鹰潭市余江区农业农村粮食局,江西鹰潭 335200
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-25 修回日期:2022-08-17 出版日期:2022-11-05 发布日期:2022-10-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄花香,钟国民
  • 作者简介:方克明,男,1962年出生,江西鄱阳人,推广研究员,学士,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广与肥料管理工作。通信地址：333000 江西省景德镇市瓷都大道11号 江西省景德镇市农业科学研究所,Tel：0798-8380915,E-mail： tfzfkm1128@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    景德镇市科技计划农业重点项目“北粳南移高产高效栽培集成技术示范推广”(20141NYZD006);“‘籼改粳’高产高效栽培集成技术示范推广”(20151NYZD016);“‘籼改粳’高产高效栽培集成技术示范推广”(20161NYZD001)

Study on Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase for Japonica Rice in South China

FANG Keming1(), XIAO Xin2, QIN Leiying3, JIANG Lin4, WANG Lu1, ZHANG Lu1, WANG Meiling1, ZHANG Ming1, LUO Wenhan4, JIANG Hong4, HUANG Huaxiang5(), ZHONG Guomin4()   

  1. 1Jingdezhen Institute of Agricultural Science, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000
    2Jiangxi Forestry Resources Monitoring Center, Nanchang 330046
    3Jingdezhen Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Testing Center, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000
    4Jingdezhen Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000
    5Bureau of Agriculture, Rural Affairs and Grain of Yujiang District, Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province,Yingtan, Jiangxi 335200
  • Received:2021-10-25 Revised:2022-08-17 Online:2022-11-05 Published:2022-10-27
  • Contact: HUANG Huaxiang,ZHONG Guomin

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摘要：

江西省从2009年起开展“籼改粳”引种、示范和推广,至2016年粳稻种植达到一定规模。2015年,农业部在全国部署开展化肥使用量零增长行动,推动化肥减量增效。为探索粳稻化肥减量增效施用技术,并助推“早籼-晚粳”种植模式,于2016年在浮梁县开展了晚粳化肥减量增效施用方法的比较试验。试验设空白对照、农户习惯施肥方法和2种推荐施肥方法4个处理。推荐施肥方法为化肥减量配方施肥。试验结果显示,2种推荐施肥方法中以推荐施肥方法1较好,推荐施肥方法1比农户习惯施肥方法氮磷钾养分总量节省123.9 kg/hm2、稻谷增产608.75 kg/hm2、增加净收入2070.35元/hm2,经济效益达到了显著水平。推荐施肥方法1的总偏生产力为13.34、投产比值为6.39,比农户习惯施肥方法分别增38.4%和36.54%。试验表明,推荐施肥方法较农户习惯施肥方法具有明显的节肥增产增收效果,可在当地双季晚粳化肥减量增效生产中推广应用并加以完善。

关键词: 南方粳稻, 化肥, 减量施用, 配方施肥, 节肥增效, 施用方法

Abstract:

Since 2009, Jiangxi Province has carried out the plan of introduction, demonstration and extension of japonica rice, and to 2016, the japonica rice planting reached a certain scale in the province. In 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture launched a nationwide campaign of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers to promote fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase. To develop the technology of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase in japonica rice planting and promote the ‘early indica-late japonica’ rice planting pattern, a field experiment of four treatments was conducted in Fuliang County in 2016. The four treatments were blank control, farmers’ conventional fertilization method and two recommended fertilization methods. The recommended fertilization methods were the formula fertilization with fertilizer reduction. The results showed that recommended fertilization method 1 was the best among all treatments. Compared with farmers’ conventional fertilization method, the recommended fertilization method 1 saved 123.9 kg/hm2 of N, P and K nutrients, increased rice yield by 608.75 kg/hm2 and net income by 2070.35 yuan/hm2, and achieved significant economic benefits. The recommended fertilization method 1 had a total partial factor productivity of 13.34 and a production ratio of 6.39, which were 38.4% and 36.54% respectively higher than those of farmers’ conventional fertilization method. Additionally, the experiment showed that recommended fertilization methods had obvious effects of fertilizer reduction and yield increase, as well as income increase, which could be popularized in local ‘early indica-late japonica’ rice planting.

Key words: japonica rice in south China, chemical fertilizer, fertilizer application reduction, formula fertilization, fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase, fertilization methods

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