不同生长阶段的芹菜与生菜的净水能力比较

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0651

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在选择具有高效净水能力并适合鱼菜共生系统的经济植物,以期为提高系统的环境净化能力奠定基础。建设了浮阀型鱼菜共生系统,以不同大小的芹菜、生菜、罗非鱼为实验材料,考查了36天的水质变化情况。长期（36天）试验结果显示,小芹菜系统的含氮污染物的最高值均较生菜及大芹菜低,且最早达到稳定状态;而总磷变化趋势三者相近。短期(24 h)静态试验结果显示,小芹菜的TAN、NO₂-N及NO₃-N去除率最强,分别为39.85%、26.33%及61.11%;生菜次之,分别为30.79%、17.15%及35.90%;大芹菜最弱,分别为17.76%、12.93%及24.66%;然而,TP检测结果显示,生菜对磷的去除率为62.9%,显著高于小芹菜的44.79%及大芹菜的14.60%。综合以上结论得出,小芹菜、大芹菜和生菜中,小芹菜的除氮能力最强,生菜的除磷能力最强。

关键词: 经济植物, 生长阶段, 净水能力, 鱼菜共生, 小芹菜, 大芹菜, 生菜

Abstract:

This study aims at selecting economical plant which not only has highly effective capacity for water purification but also is suitable for aquaponics, and laying foundation for improving the environmental purification capacity of aquaponics. The raft-floating aquaponics was constructed in this study. Tilapia, lettuce and celery in different sizes were selected as experimental materials, and the dynamic variation of water quality was investigated for 36 days. The long-term (36d) tests showed that the highest concentration of nitrogen pollutants in small celery system were lower than that in lettuce and big celery, and the stability of water quality in small celery system was achieved earlier than the other two. However, the trends of total phosphorus among the three economical plants were similar. The short-term (24h) static tests indicated that the removal rate of TAN, NO₂-N and NO₃-N were the highest in the small celery system, which was 39.85%, 26.33% and 61.11% respectively; and lower in lettuce, which was 30.79%, 17.15% and 35.90% respectively; and the lowest in big celery, which was 17.76%, 12.93% and 24.66% respectively. However, TP results showed that the phosphorus removal rate of lettuce (62.9%) is significantly higher than small celery (44.79%) and big celery (14.60%). It is concluded that among small celery, big celery and lettuce, small celery has the strongest capacity in nitrogen removal, and lettuce has the strongest capacity in phosphorus removal.

Key words: economic plants, growth stage, water purification capacity, aquaponics, small celery, big celery, lettuce

中图分类号:

S949

高霞婷, 宋红桥, 张海耿, 倪琦, 张宇雷. 不同生长阶段的芹菜与生菜的净水能力比较[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(23): 125-132.

Gao Xiating, Song Hongqiao, Zhang Haigeng, Ni Qi, Zhang Yulei. Lettuce and Celery at Different Growth Stages: Comparison of Water Purification Capacity[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(23): 125-132.

图/表 5

图1. 浮阀型鱼菜共生系统装置

指标	实验初始平均值	实验结束平均值	试验期间
指标	实验初始平均值	实验结束平均值	最大值	最小值	平均值
水温/℃	20.9±0.15	25±0.20	26.20	19.23	22.25±0.25
pH值	7.24±0.14	6.68±0.06	7.68	6.24	6.80±0.20
DO/(mg/L)	7.51±0.07	6.65±.07	7.92	5.45	7.10±0.58
EC/(mS/cm)	0.19±0.01	0.48±0.02	0.64	0.18	0.41±0.12

表1. 基础水质情况

图2. 36天含氮化合物及总磷浓度变化 (a)氨氮;(b)亚硝氮;(c)硝氮;(d)总磷

图3. 24 h含氮化合物及总磷浓度变化 (a)氨氮;(b)亚硝氮;(c)硝氮;(d)总磷

图4. 24 h含氮化合物及总磷的去除率 (a)氨氮;(b)亚硝氮;(c)硝氮;(d)总磷;P <0.05,*;P <0.01,**;P <0.001,***

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