不同种类有机物料对新垦红壤有机碳提升及培肥效果的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1208

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由荒坡地开垦形成的新垦红壤普遍存在立地条件差、土壤结构不良、保肥保水性差、生产能力低下等诸多问题，提高土壤有机碳被认为是新垦红壤快速熟化的重要途径。为了解不同类型有机物料在促进红壤有机碳提升及培肥效果的差异，选择黄筋泥和红砂土2种新垦土壤，通过室内培养方法比较研究了10种常用有机物料对土壤中各形态有机碳、速效养分及酶活性等的影响。结果表明：不同有机物料中的有机碳的稳定性顺次为：风化煤腐殖酸>50%风化煤腐殖酸+50%猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>泥炭>猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥>生活垃圾堆肥>沼渣>菌菇棒堆肥>猪粪>鸡粪>水稻秸秆>紫云英；在粘质土壤（黄筋泥）中的稳定性高于砂质土壤（红砂土）。施用风化煤腐殖酸、50%风化煤腐殖酸+50%猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥对提升土壤腐殖质的效果最为显著。有机物施用后残留在新垦园地土壤中的有机碳主要以矿物结合态有机碳存在，游离态有机碳和粗颗粒有机碳占总有机碳的比例较低。施用各类有机物料也可明显提高土壤微生物活性、促进土壤水稳定性团聚体的形成，轻微提高土壤CEC，但效果因有机物料不同有显著的差异。综合评价结果表明，对改良土壤性状效果最佳的是风化煤腐殖酸、50%风化煤腐殖酸+50%猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥、猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥，菌菇棒堆肥、水稻秸秆和紫云英的效果相对较差。研究建议，在改良新垦低丘红壤时，宜考虑性状不一的多类有机物料混配施用。

关键词: 新垦园地, 有机物料, 有机碳积累, 有机碳稳定性, 培肥

Abstract:

There are many problems, such as poor site conditions, poor soil structure, poor water conservation, low fertility and low production capacity, in the newly cultivated red soil formed by reclamation of slope wasteland. Improving soil organic carbon is considered to be an important way for rapid anthropogenic mellowing of red soil. To understand the different improving effects of various types of organic materials on organic carbon and fertility of red soil, two kinds of newly cultivated soil, red clayey soil and red sandstone soil, were selected. The effects of 10 kinds of common organic materials on various forms of organic carbon, available nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil were studied by indoor culture method. The results showed that the stability sequence of organic carbon from different organic materials in the soil was as follows: weathered coal humic acid > 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost > peat > pig manure/rice straw compost > domestic waste compost > biogas residue > mushroom stick compost > pig manure > chicken manure > rice straw > Chinese milk vetch. The stability of organic carbon in clayey soil (red clayey soil) was higher than that in sandy soil (red sandstone soil). The application of weathered coal humic acid, and 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost had the most significant effect on improving soil humus. The organic carbon remained in the soil of the newly cultivated land was mainly mineral bound organic carbon, and the proportions of free organic carbon and coarse-granule organic carbon in the total organic carbon were relatively low. The application of various organic materials could significantly improve soil microbial activity, promote the formation of soil water stability aggregates, slightly improve soil CEC, but the effect was significantly different among different organic materials. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that the best soil property improvement effects were obtained by applying weathered coal humic acid, 50% weathered coal humic acid + 50% pig manure/rice straw compost, and pig manure/rice straw compost, while the effects of mushroom stick compost, rice straw and Chinese milk vetch were relatively poor. It is suggested that the mixed application of organic materials with different properties should be considered in improving newly cultivated land of low hilly red soil.

Key words: newly cultivated land, organic material, organic carbon accumulation, organic carbon stability, fertilizing

郑铭洁, 余红伟, 陈志良, 章明奎. 不同种类有机物料对新垦红壤有机碳提升及培肥效果的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(36): 101-111.

ZHENG Mingjie, YU Hongwei, CHEN Zhiliang, ZHANG Mingkui. Effects of Different Organic Materials on Organic Carbon Accumulation and Fertility in Newly Cultivated Red Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(36): 101-111.

图/表 8

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土壤性状	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	全N/(g/kg)	全P/(g/kg)	全K/(g/kg)	粘粒/(g/kg)	粉砂/(g/kg)	砂粒/(g/kg)
黄筋泥	6.67	5.16	0.45	0.54	18.12	347	398	255
红砂土	4.52	4.81	0.34	0.39	16.58	127	374	499

土壤性状	有机碳/(g/kg)	pH	全N/(g/kg)	全P/(g/kg)	全K/(g/kg)	粘粒/(g/kg)	粉砂/(g/kg)	砂粒/(g/kg)
黄筋泥	6.67	5.16	0.45	0.54	18.12	347	398	255
红砂土	4.52	4.81	0.34	0.39	16.58	127	374	499

类型	pH	有机碳/(g/kg)	总N/(g/kg)	总P/(g/kg)	总K/(g/kg)
风化煤腐殖酸	6.04	448.9	38.57	33.45	54.23
泥炭（草炭）	7.03	312.5	31.47	36.78	29.74
菌菇棒堆肥	7.14	378.4	28.74	24.54	36.45
猪粪	7.32	420.7	24.33	25.28	11.23
鸡粪	7.92	415.4	29.37	27.05	16.33
水稻秸秆	7.14	402.8	2.11	8.68	17.21
紫云英	6.89	422.6	38.33	7.03	18.42
沼渣	7.13	451.4	13.37	11.22	43.66
猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	6.98	510.1	18.23	20.42	17.33
生活垃圾堆肥	7.42	375.5	21.73	24.54	23.22

类型	pH	有机碳/(g/kg)	总N/(g/kg)	总P/(g/kg)	总K/(g/kg)
风化煤腐殖酸	6.04	448.9	38.57	33.45	54.23
泥炭（草炭）	7.03	312.5	31.47	36.78	29.74
菌菇棒堆肥	7.14	378.4	28.74	24.54	36.45
猪粪	7.32	420.7	24.33	25.28	11.23
鸡粪	7.92	415.4	29.37	27.05	16.33
水稻秸秆	7.14	402.8	2.11	8.68	17.21
紫云英	6.89	422.6	38.33	7.03	18.42
沼渣	7.13	451.4	13.37	11.22	43.66
猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	6.98	510.1	18.23	20.42	17.33
生活垃圾堆肥	7.42	375.5	21.73	24.54	23.22

土壤	处理	总有机碳				易氧化碳				腐殖酸碳
土壤	处理	3个月	6个月	12个月	18个月	3个月	6个月	12个月	18个月	18个月
黄筋泥	对照	6.61d	6.72e	6.59g	6.51g	1.08e	1.02e	1.09e	1.06f	1.54h
	风化煤腐殖酸	15.66a	14.89a	14.42a	13.96a	4.12d	3.56d	2.56d	2.14d	6.75a
	泥炭	15.32a	14.32a	13.42b	12.18b	4.78cd	3.46d	2.98c	2.53c	4.12c
	菌菇棒堆肥	14.78b	13.08b	11.65d	10.29d	5.02c	4.12c	3.23bc	2.67c	2.48f
	猪粪	14.68b	12.67bc	10.54e	9.92de	6.88ab	5.26ab	4.52a	3.15b	1.81g
	鸡粪	14.61b	12.54bc	10.59e	9.52e	6.14b	5.35a	4.32a	3.08b	1.74g
	水稻秸秆	14.52b	12.13c	9.75f	8.65f	6.24b	4.87b	3.45b	2.01d	1.66gh
	紫云英	13.13c	10.78d	9.23f	8.05f	5.89bc	3.46d	2.35d	1.47e	1.62gh
	沼渣	14.89b	12.65b	11.32de	10.69cd	6.42b	4.56b	3.29bc	2.79bc	2.93de
	猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	15.78a	13.98ab	12.56c	11.98b	7.24a	5.46a	4.65a	3.54a	3.24d
	生活垃圾堆肥	15.12ab	12.98b	11.56d	10.86c	7.13a	5.02ab	3.84ab	3.04b	2.72ef
	50%风化煤腐殖酸+50%猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	15.94a	14.89a	14.32a	13.76a	6.14b	4.18c	3.54b	3.14b	5.45b
红砂土	对照	4.55e	4.52f	4.39g	4.23i	0.75f	0.62f	0.71f	0.68g	0.92h
	风化煤腐殖酸	13.23a	12.66a	12.01a	11.35a	3.54e	2.89e	2.34de	2.03d	5.44a
	泥炭	12.87ab	11.78b	10.54b	9.31c	3.98de	2.89e	2.42de	2.12d	3.54c
	菌菇棒堆肥	12.41b	10.33cd	8.23de	7.48d	4.23cd	3.02de	2.65d	2.12d	1.98e
	猪粪	12.32b	10.21d	8.68cd	7.25ef	5.89a	4.18ab	3.45ab	3.11a	1.52f
	鸡粪	12.14bc	9.76de	7.98e	6.88fg	5.34ab	3.98bc	3.25b	2.76b	1.46fg
	水稻秸秆	11.84c	8.79e	7.25ef	6.10gh	5.44ab	3.45cd	2.65d	1.54e	1.32g
	紫云英	10.14d	8.56e	6.45f	5.26h	4.98c	3.22d	2.05e	1.24f	0.97h
	沼渣	12.74ab	10.03d	8.65cd	7.55de	5.54ab	4.31a	3.03c	2.41c	1.65ef
	猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	12.28b	10.56c	9.65c	9.12c	5.98a	4.35a	3.89a	3.24a	2.56d
	生活垃圾堆肥	11.87c	9.87d	8.18d	7.77d	4.87c	3.68c	3.15bc	2.74b	1.67e
	50%风化煤腐殖酸+50%猪粪/水稻秸秆堆肥	12.97a	11.12bc	10.87b	10.42b	5.21bc	3.98bc	3.25b	2.44c	4.65b