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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 116-123.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0132

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

定西市1961—2020年日照时数变化特征分析

尚军林1,2(), 雷俊2(), 姚玉璧1, 姚瑞2, 卢国阳3, 栾振斌2, 常进惠2   

  1. 1 兰州资源环境职业技术大学/甘肃省气候资源开发及防灾减灾重点实验室,兰州 730021
    2 定西市气象局,甘肃定西 743000
    3 兰州区域气候中心,兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-28 修回日期:2022-04-29 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-02-06
  • 作者简介:

    尚军林,男,1987年出生,甘肃通渭人,工程师,本科,主要从事气候变化方面的研究。通信地址:743000 甘肃省定西市安定区气象新村50号,Tel:0932-8213505,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目“一带一路太阳能高辐射区光能开发潜力与利用效率评估研究及应用”(2020C-34); 甘肃省气象局科研项目“气候变暖背景下半干旱区马铃薯生理生态特性对降水变化的响应”(2122rczx-英才计划-06)

Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Duration from 1961 to 2020 in Dingxi

SHANG Junlin1,2(), LEI Jun2(), YAO Yubi1, YAO Rui2, LU Guoyang3, LUAN Zhenbin2, CHANG Jinhui2   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-tech University, Key Laboratory of Climate Resources Develop and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730021
    2 Dingxi Meteorological Bureau, Dingxi, Gansu 743000
    3 Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020
  • Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-04-29 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-02-06

摘要:

为分析定西市日照的变化特征,利用1961—2020年定西市安定区日照、降水、相对湿度、云量和水汽压等资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和通径分析等方法,对定西市安定区1961—2020年日照时数的年代际、年际、季、月的变化特征进行分析,探讨了影响区域日照变化的主要气象因子。结果表明:1961—2020年,定西市年日照时数呈现明显的年代际变化特征,20世纪80年代和21世纪00年代日照显著偏少(P<0.05),日照总体呈现波动减少趋势,线性倾向率为-10.7 h/10 a (P>0.05),年日照时数最大值出现在1963年,为2790.2 h,最小值出现在1988年,为2159.7 h,极差810.5 h,年日照在1967年和1993年出现了突变;日照时数存在明显的季节变化特征,春季日照增多,线性倾向率为5.1 h/10 a,夏季、秋季和冬季一致减少,其中夏季减少幅度最大(-8.9 h/10 a);月日照时数变化趋势存在差异,6月日照显著下降(P<0.05),其他月份增加或下降趋势不明显(P>0.05),降水、相对湿度、云量和水汽压与日照显著负相关,不同季节影响日照主要气象因子存在差异,气象因子综合作用对日照影响以秋季最为明显(R=0.862),春季次之。对春季、年日照变化贡献最大的气象要素为相对湿度,对夏季、秋季和冬季日照变化贡献最大的气象因子总云量。该研究为气候变暖背景下气候资源高效利用和开发提供重要参考。

关键词: 定西, 日照时数, 气候倾向率, Mann-Kendall检验, 通径分析

Abstract:

To analyze the variation characteristics of sunshine duration in Dingxi City, the data of Dingxi Meteorological Observation Station from 1961 to 2020 was used, and the involved elements were: sunshine duration, precipitation, relative humidity, cloud amount and water vapor pressure. The interdecadal, interannual, seasonal and monthly variation characteristics of sunshine duration were analyzed by using the linear trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test and path analysis. In addition, the main meteorological factors affecting the variation of sunshine duration were discussed. The results showed that: the annual sunshine duration in Dingxi City had obvious interdecadal variation characteristics from 1961 to 2020, and the sunshine duration significantly decreased in the 1980s and 2000s (P<0.05) and its fluctuating trend also decreased with a linear tendency rate of -10.7 h/10 a (P<0.05). The maximum value of annual sunshine duration was 2790.2 h, which appeared in 1963, the minimum value of annual sunshine duration was 2159.7 h, which appeared in 1988, and the range was 810.5 h. The annual sunshine duration had abrupt change in 1967 and 1993. The sunshine duration showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics, which increased in spring with a linear tendency rate of 5.1 h/10 a, but decreased in summer, autumn and winter, and the decrease rate in summer was the largest (-8.9 h/10 a). There were differences in the variation trend of monthly sunshine duration, it decreased significantly in June (P<0.05), but not obvious (P>0.05) in other months. Sunshine duration had extremely obvious negative correlation with precipitation, relative humidity, cloud amount and water vapor pressure, and the main meteorological factors affecting sunshine hours were different in different seasons. The most obvious effect of meteorological factors on sunshine duration was found in autumn (R=0.862), and that in spring came the second. Relative humidity made the greatest contribution to the change of spring and annual sunshine duration variation, but it was the total cloud amount that mostly affected the sunshine duration change in summer, autumn and winter. This study can provide important reference for the efficient utilization of climate resources under the background of climate warming.

Key words: Dingxi, sunshine duration, climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall test, path analysis