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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 83-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1031

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

西安市鄠邑区设施西瓜根结线虫种类鉴定及药剂防治研究

魏佩瑶(), 潘嵩, 刘晨, 陈志杰, 张锋, 李英梅()   

  1. 陕西省生物农业研究所/陕西省植物线虫学重点实验室,西安 710043
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-13 修回日期:2023-08-10 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2023-12-29
  • 通讯作者:
    李英梅,女,1975年出生,陕西咸阳人,研究员,研究方向为设施蔬菜病虫害绿色防控。通信地址:710043 陕西省西安市新城区咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所,Tel:029-82291059,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    魏佩瑶,女,1994年出生,陕西咸阳人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为设施蔬菜病虫害绿色防控。通信地址:710043 陕西省西安市新城区咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划“西瓜根结线虫生态适应性机理与绿色防控关键技术研究”(2022NY-128); 陕西省科学院品牌计划项目“土壤修复与土传病害绿色防控技术集成创新及品牌创建”(2022k-02); 西安市科技局农业技术研发项目“设施西甜瓜根部病害绿色防控关键技术研究与示范”(21NYYF024)

Pathogen Identification and Chemical Control Techniques Against Root-knot Nematode Disease of Facility Watermelon in Huyi District of Xi’an City

WEI Peiyao(), PAN Song, LIU Chen, CHEN Zhijie, ZHANG Feng, LI Yingmei()   

  1. Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi/ Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Plant Nematology, Xi’an 710043
  • Received:2022-12-13 Revised:2023-08-10 Published-:2024-01-05 Online:2023-12-29

摘要:

为明确陕西省西安市鄠邑区设施西瓜根结线虫发生危害情况以及病原种类,提出根结线虫病安全高效的药剂防治技术,实现陕西西瓜产业健康高效发展目标。于2022年5月在西安市鄠邑区主要设施西瓜种植基地,对根结线虫病害发生率、病情指数等进行调查研究,并采集根部样品进行根结线虫分离,运用形态学及分子生物学技术鉴定不同产区设施西瓜根结线虫的种类,并对不同化学药剂防治效果进行比较。结果表明,鄠邑区西瓜主产区平均病田率达92.9%,病株率88.7%,病情指数73.1。2龄幼虫、雌成虫形态特征及形态测量指标和分子生物学鉴定结果均表明该地区根结线虫病病原为南方根结线虫。药剂试验表明,98%棉隆微粒剂防治效果显著,每公顷土壤施用150 kg为适宜的使用剂量,30 d的防效100%,70 d的防效92.1%;同时在西瓜移栽前用2250 mL/hm2的41.7%氟吡菌酰胺进行土壤处理即可有效抑制南方根结线虫侵染,70 d后相对防效75.7%,效果优于药剂灌根。

关键词: 根结线虫, 西瓜, 发生情况, 病原鉴定, 药剂防治, 鄠邑区

Abstract:

The occurrence, damage and pathogen species of the watermelon root-knot nematode disease were investigated at facilities in the Huyi District, Shaanxi Province. Safe and efficient pesticide control technologies against this disease were screened to ensure the healthy development of the Shaanxi watermelon industry. In May 2022, the incidence and disease index of root-knot nematode disease were determined in the main watermelon planting bases of Huyi District. Root-knot nematodes were isolated from watermelon root samples, the species was identified by morphological and molecular identification methods, and the effects of different chemicals were evaluated. The results showed that the average diseased field rate, diseased plant rate, and disease index in the main watermelon production area of Huyi District were 92.9%, 88.7%, and 73.1 respectively. Based on the morphological characteristics of second-stage juveniles, the perineal patterns of female adults, and molecular identification, Meloidogyne incognita was identified as the infectious nematode in watermelons. The test showed that 98% dazomet had a significant inhibitory effect. The appropriate dosage was 150 kg/hm2 of soil, reached 100% inhibition in 30 days and 92.1% in 70 days. In addition, soil treatment with 41.7% fluopyram (2250 mL/hm2) before transplanting watermelons could effectively inhibit M. incognita infection. After 70 days, the relative inhibitory effect was 75.7%, which was better than root irrigation.

Key words: Meloidogyne spp., watermelon, occurrence, pathogen identification, chemical control, Huyi District