产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生物防治研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生防潜质，采用产紫青霉K1对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫及卵的活性进行了室内生测，同时利用了产紫青霉K1生物菌剂对烟草根结线虫病进行了2年2地的田间防效测定。结果表明：（1）产紫青霉K1菌株对南方根结线虫具有较强的毒杀活性，48 h对根结线虫2龄幼虫的校正致死率高达94.53%，对卵孵化的相对抑制效率达90.75%；（2）3种用量的产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫的防治效果及烤烟综合农艺性状、产质量和均价均优于33.00 kg/hm²的淡紫拟青霉，其中以41.25 kg/hm²产紫青霉的防治效果、综合农艺性状、产值量和均价最好，平均防效为80.60%，烟叶产量、产值和均价分别为2119.50 kg/hm²、56762.77元/hm²和26.78元/kg。因此，产紫青霉K1在烟草根结线虫生物防治领域具有较大的潜能，可作为攀枝花烟草根结线虫病生防菌加以开发应用，推荐使用方法及用量为在烟草移栽时使用41.25 kg/hm²产紫青霉K1一次。

关键词: 根结线虫, 烟草, 产紫青霉, 生物防治, 施用量

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the biological control potential of Penicillium purpurogenum against tobacco root-knot nematode disease, the activity of P. purpurogenum K1 against the second stage juveniles and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita were tested in laboratory, and the control effect of P. purpurogenum K1 on tobacco root-knot nematode disease was tested in 2 fields for 2 years. The results were obtained as follows. (1) P. purpurogenum K1 strain had strong virulent activity against M. incognita. The corrected mortality rate of the second stage juveniles of M. incognita at 48 h was 94.53%, and the relative inhibition efficiency of egg hatching was 90.75%. (2) The control effects of P. purpurogenum with three application rates on tobacco root-knot nematode disease, and the comprehensive agronomic traits, yield and quality, and average price of flue-cured tobacco were better than those of Paecilomyces lilacinus treatment with the application rate of 33.00 kg/hm². The control effect of P. purpurogenum at the rate of 41.25 kg/hm² was the best with an average control effect of 80.60%, and the comprehensive agronomic traits, output value and average price of tobacco under this treatment were the best. The tobacco leaf yield, output value and average price were 2119.50 kg/hm², 56762.77 yuan/hm² and 26.78 yuan/kg, respectively. Therefore, P. purpurogenum K1 has great potential of biological control of tobacco root-knot nematode in field, and it can be developed and applied as biocontrol fungi against tobacco root-knot nematode disease in Panzhihua. The recommended application method is using 41.25 kg/hm² P. purpurogenum K1 at tobacco transplanting.

Key words: root-knot nematodes, tobacco, Penicillium purpurogenum, biological control, application rate

中图分类号:

S435.72

闫芳芳, 孔垂旭, 张映杰, 毛敏, 简连均, 王蓉. 产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生物防治研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(33): 103-108.

YAN Fangfang, KONG Chuixu, ZHANG Yingjie, MAO Min, JIAN Lianjun, WANG Rong. Biological Control of Tobacco Root-knot Nematode Disease by Penicillium purpurogenum K1[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(33): 103-108.

图/表 7

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处理	24 h		48 h
处理	致死率/%	校正致死率/%	致死率/%	校正致死率/%
K1	85.00±0.82	84.79±0.89	94.67±1.25	94.53±1.25
对照	1.33±0.47	—	2.67±0.47	—

处理	24 h		48 h
处理	致死率/%	校正致死率/%	致死率/%	校正致死率/%
K1	85.00±0.82	84.79±0.89	94.67±1.25	94.53±1.25
对照	1.33±0.47	—	2.67±0.47	—

处理	孵化数量	相对抑制率/%
产紫青霉K1	16.67±1.25	90.75±0.87
无菌水对照	180.67±5.79	-

处理	孵化数量	相对抑制率/%
产紫青霉K1	16.67±1.25	90.75±0.87
无菌水对照	180.67±5.79	-

用量/(kg/hm²)	株高/cm	茎围/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	最大叶面积/cm²
3.00	93.6±1.1 bBC	9.6±0.3 bBC	62.8±1.3 bAB	32.1±0.8 bB	1283.8±29.4 bB
41.25	108.8±1.8 aA	10.4±0.2 aAB	64.7±2.7 abAB	36.2±1.7 aA	1491.3±72.2 aA
49.50	105.2±3.3 aB	10.5±0.2 aA	68.1±2.6 aA	31.9±0.5 bB	1356.6±46.4 bAB
0.00(CK1)	85.2±3.8 cC	8.4±0.2 cD	56.5±1.1 Cc	23.4±1.5 cC	823.7±22.5 cC
33.00(CK2)	90.2±2.0 bC	8.9±0.7 cCD	61.5±3.3 bBC	30.9±2.2 bB	1271.9±136.1 bB