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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 53-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0129

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

2种新型肥料对大豆肥密效应及土壤酶活的影响研究

元文霞1,2(), 毕影东1(), 樊超1, 李炜1, 刘淼1, 刘建新1, 杨光1, 邸树峰1, 梁文卫1   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所，哈尔滨 150086
    2 东北农业大学农学院，哈尔滨 150038
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-11 修回日期:2023-07-07 出版日期:2024-02-01 发布日期:2024-02-01
  • 通讯作者:
    毕影东，男，1974年出生，山东威海人，研究员，博士，研究方向：油料作物遗传育种研究。通信地址：150086 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    元文霞，女，1999年出生，河南安阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向：大豆栽培。通信地址：150038 黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北农业大学， E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目“第五积温区大豆极早熟高产品种重茬障碍消减增产技术研究与示范”(2021ZXJ05B011); 黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-C049)

Impact of Two New Fertilizers on Effect of Soybean Fertilizer & Planting Density and Soil Enzyme Activity

YUAN Wenxia1,2(), BI Yingdong1(), FAN Chao1, LI Wei1, LIU Miao1, LIU Jianxin1, YANG Guang1, DI Shufeng1, LIANG Wenwei1   

  1. 1 Institute of Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086
    2 Agricultural College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038
  • Received:2023-02-11 Revised:2023-07-07 Published-:2024-02-01 Online:2024-02-01

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摘要：

为研究2种新型肥料及其配套施用方法对大豆肥密效应及土壤酶活的影响，本研究以‘中龙豆120’为试验材料，设置6个施肥处理（空白施肥、正常施肥、低浓度硫代硫酸铵、高浓度硫代硫酸铵、0.5肥+铜大师、0.3肥+铜大师，分别记作T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6）为主区和3个种植密度水平（15×104、20×104、25×104 株/ hm2，分别记作M1、M2、M3）为副区进行裂区试验。结果表明：在同一施肥处理下，大豆产量随种植密度的增加先上升后下降，在M2处取得最大值；随着种植密度的增加，主茎粗、叶绿素含量逐渐减少，株高、叶面积指数逐渐增大。在同一种植密度下，硫代硫酸铵处理较T1、T2相比增加了产量、叶面积指数、土壤蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，但是降低了大豆株高、主茎粗与土壤脲酶活性，T3处理较T1、T2相比均增加了叶绿素含量，T4较T1相比增加了叶绿素含量；铜大师处理在M3密度下种植时相对T1、T2显著提高大豆产量但此时与其他种植密度相比整体产量较低，铜大师处理下大豆株高、主茎粗、叶面积指数及土壤酶活性趋势整体上均低于T1、T2，叶绿素含量呈相反的结果。综上所述：20万株/hm2时硫代硫酸铵处理是最优栽培模式，且在M2T4下达到产量最大值3200.00 kg/hm2，铜大师在大豆上的应用我们应做下一步探索。

关键词: 大豆, 肥密, 产量, 生长, 土壤酶

Abstract:

In this study, the effects of two new fertilizers and their matching application methods on soybean density and soil enzyme activity were researched. ‘ZLD 120’ was used as the experimental material, the split-plot trial was performed with 6 fertilization treatments (blank fertilization, normal fertilization, low concentration ammonium thiosulfate, high concentration ammonium thiosulfate, 0.5 normal fertilizer+Master Copper, 0.3 normal fertilizer+Master Copper, respectively recorded as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) as main zones and 3 planting density levels (15×104 plants/ hm2, 20×104 plants/ hm2 and 25×104 plants/ hm2) as sub zones. The results showed that under the same fertilization treatment, the soybean yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of planting density, and reached the maximum at M2. With the increase of planting density, the main stem diameter and chlorophyll content gradually decreased, and the plant height and leaf area index gradually increased. Under the same planting density, the yield, leaf area index, soil alkaline phosphatase and sucrase activity increased, but the plant height, main stem diameter and soil urease activity of soybean reduced in ammonium thiosulfate treatment. Compared with T1 and T2, the chlorophyll content was higher in T3. The chlorophyll content increased in T1 compared with T4. Soybean yield under the Copper Master treatment was significant higher in T4 and T5 than that in T1 and T2 under M3 density, but the overall yield was low compared with other densities at this time. The plant height, main stem diameter, leaf area index and soil enzyme activity trend of soybean under Copper Master treatment were lower than that of T1 and T2 on the whole, but the chlorophyll content showed contrary result. To sum up, ammonium thiosulfate treatment under 20× 104 plants/ hm2 was the best cultivation pattern, and the maximum yield was 3200.00 kg/ hm2 under M2T4. We should explore the application of Copper Master on soybeans for the future research.

Key words: soybean, fertilizer and planting density, yield, grow, soil enzyme