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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0513

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

优化施肥对马铃薯产量、品质和土壤养分供应的影响

郭新送1(), 魏菊花2, 沙春岩3, 高涵1, 宋挚1, 范仲卿1, 尹静1, 丁方军1()   

  1. 1 农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室/山东农大肥业科技股份有限公司,山东泰安 271600
    2 山东乾德产业发展有限公司,济南 271000
    3 黑龙江龙溪肥业有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161031
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-01-10 发布日期:2024-01-10
  • 通讯作者:
    丁方军,男,1964年出生,山东青岛人,教授,学士,主要从事新型肥料研发。通信地址:271600 山东省肥城市高新区创业路249号,Tel:0538-5067660,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郭新送,男,1987年出生,山东新泰人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事土壤肥料学方面研究。通信地址:271600 山东省肥城市高新区创业路249号,Tel:0538-5067661,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“农林废弃物环保利用与减肥增效关键技术研发应”(2019YFE0122700); 山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目“新型绿色农业投入品研发与示范”(2020CXGC010803)

Effect of Optimizing Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Potato and Soil Nutrient Supply

GUO Xinsong1(), WEI Juhua2, SHA Chunyan3, GAO Han1, SONG Zhi1, FAN Zhongqing1, YIN Jing1, DING Fangjun1()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science Tech. Co. Ltd., Taian, Shandong 271600
    2 Shandong Qiande Industry Development Co., Ltd, Jinan 271000
    3 Heilongjiang Longxi Fertilizer Tech. Co. Ltd., Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang 161031
  • Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2023-11-22 Published-:2024-01-10 Online:2024-01-10

摘要:

马铃薯是中国重要的粮食和蔬菜作物,其面积和产量居世界首位。调整马铃薯施肥结构,提高马铃薯产量和品质,已成为马铃薯种植中亟待解决的重要问题。在2年的田间试验中,研究了有机肥料和微生物肥料在减少化肥的条件下提高马铃薯质量和产量的潜力。该试验旨在为马铃薯化肥减施和增效模型提供理论依据。结果表明:与单独施用化肥相比,施用有机肥或微生物肥可显著提高马铃薯产量23.5%~34.5%,提高马铃薯淀粉含量4.2%~17.5%,降低马铃薯硝酸盐含量9.0%~56.0%,显著改善土壤理化性质。微生物肥料能显著提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。双向方差分析结果表明,施肥水平对马铃薯营养品质有显著影响,而肥料类型是影响土壤理化性质的主要因素。冗余度分析结果表明,土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量和pH对马铃薯营养品质有显著影响。

关键词: 马铃薯, 微生物肥料, 有机肥料, 产量, 质量

Abstract:

Potato is one kind of important food and vegetable crop in China, ranking first in terms of area and production in the world. Adjusting the fertilization structure of potato and improving potato’s yield and quality have become urgent issues in potato cultivation. In the two-year field experiment, the potential of organic and microbial fertilizers to improve potato quality and yield under reduced chemical fertilizer was studied. The experiment aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the model of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing efficiency in potato. The results showed that compared with the application of chemical fertilizers alone, the application of organic or microbial fertilizers significantly increased potato yield by 23.5% to 34.5%, increased potato starch content by 4.2% to 17.5%, and reduced potato nitrate content by 9.0% to 56.0%, significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties. Microbial fertilizers could significantly increase the content of soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that fertilizer application level had a significant effect on potato nutritional quality, while fertilizer type was the main factor affecting soil physical and chemical properties. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus content and pH had significant effects on the nutritional quality of potato.

Key words: potato, microbial fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yield, quality