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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 12-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0011

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

烟秆生物质炭基肥施用对烤烟产质量的影响

陈贵云1(), 王惠芳1, 王铎2, 施定国2, 张智俊2, 许东亚2, 李云川2, 孔德翠2, 王娜1, 王戈1, 丁义3, 白羽祥1()   

  1. 1 云南农业大学烟草学院，昆明 650201
    2 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051
    3 红河州烟草公司泸西分公司，云南红河 652400
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-02 修回日期:2023-05-19 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2023-12-29
  • 通讯作者:
    白羽祥，男，1991年出生，河南驻马店人，副教授，博士，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育工作。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号，Tel：0871-65227816，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈贵云，男，1998年出生，云南曲靖人，硕士研究生，主要从事烟草栽培与植烟土壤保育研究。通信地址：650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号，Tel：0871-65227816，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“烟秆生物质炭缓解连作植烟土壤间苯三酚积累和烟草黑胫病菌增殖的机制研究”(31860357); 云南省烟草公司科技计划项目“烟秆生物质炭基肥精准施用技术研究与示范”(2019530000241029)

Effects of Tobacco Stem Biochar Based Fertilizer Application on Production and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

CHEN Guiyun1(), WANG Huifang1, WANG Duo2, SHI Dingguo2, ZHANG Zhijun2, XU Dongya2, LI Yunchuan2, KONG Decui2, WANG Na1, WANG Ge1, DING Yi3, BAI Yuxiang1()   

  1. 1 College of Tobacco, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Kunming Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051
    3 Luxi Branch of Honghe Tobacco Company, Honghe, Yunnan 654200
  • Received:2023-01-02 Revised:2023-05-19 Published-:2024-01-05 Online:2023-12-29

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摘要：

为探讨烟秆生物质炭基肥施用对烤烟产质量及病害发生的影响，以烤烟品种‘红花大金元’、‘K326’、‘云烟87’为研究对象，设置1个常规施肥处理(CK)和3个烟秆生物质炭基肥不同施用量处理（T1为400 g/株，T2为500 g/株，T3为600 g/株），测定不同品种及处理下的烤烟生育期、农艺性状、发病率、经济性状、化学成分。结果表明：（1）与对照处理相比，施入烟秆生物质炭基肥均能延长烤烟‘红花大金元’、‘K326’、‘云烟87’的各生育期，且能显著提高烤烟的株高、茎围、有效叶片数、最大叶长和叶宽，其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时对烟株生长发育促进效果最佳。（2）施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理的烟草花叶病、野火病和气候性斑点病发病率显著低于对照处理，其中‘红花大金元’和‘K326’的施用量为600 g/株、‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时烟株病害发生率最低。（3）施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理的烟草产量、均价、中上等烟比例和产值显著高于对照处理，其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时对提高烟株产质量促进效果最佳。（4）施用烟秆生物质炭基肥处理后，‘红花大金元’能显著降低烟叶总糖、还原糖含量，并且使得烟叶总氮、氧化钾和水溶性氯含量更适宜，‘K326’和‘云烟87’能使烟叶总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾和水溶性氯含量显著趋于适宜范围，其中‘红花大金元’的施用量为600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’的施用量为500 g/株时烟株烟叶化学成分含量最适宜。综上，‘红花大金元’施用600 g/株、‘K326’和‘云烟87’施用500 g/株的烟杆生物质炭基肥对烟株生长效果最佳。

关键词: 烤烟, 烟秆生物质炭基肥, 农艺性状, 产质量, 化学成分

Abstract:

To explore the effects of tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer application on yield, quality and disease occurrence of flue-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ were used as the research objects, and one conventional fertilization treatment (CK) and three different application rates of tobacco stem biochar ( T1: 400 g/plant, T2: 500 g/plant and T3: 600 g/plant) were set up to determine the growth period, agronomic traits, incidence rate, economic traits and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco with different varieties and treatments. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control treatment, the application of biochar-based fertilizer could prolong the growth period of flue-cured tobacco ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’, and significantly improve the plant height, stem circumference, effective leaf number, maximum leaf length and leaf width of flue-cured tobacco. The application amount of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ and the application amount of 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ had the best effect. (2) The incidence of tobacco mosaic disease, wildfire disease and climatic spot disease treated with biochar-based fertilizer was significantly lower than that of the control treatment. Among them, the incidence of tobacco plant disease was the lowest when the application amount for‘Honghuadajinyuan’ and ‘K326’ was 600 g/plant and the application amount for ‘Yunyan 87’ was 500 g/plant. (3) The yield, average price, proportion of medium-grade tobacco and output value of tobacco treated with biochar-based fertilizer were significantly higher than those of control, and the application of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ had the best effect on improving the quality of tobacco plants. (4) After the application of biochar-based fertilizer, ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ could significantly reduce the content of total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves, and made the content of total nitrogen, potassium oxide and water-soluble chlorine in tobacco leaves more suitable. ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ could significantly reduce the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium oxide and water-soluble chlorine in tobacco leaves. The content of chemical components in tobacco leaves was the most suitable when the application amount for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ was 600 g/plant, the application amount for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ was 500 g/plant. In summary, the application of 600 g/plant for ‘Honghuadajinyuan’, 500 g/plant for ‘K326’ and ‘Yunyan 87’ biochar-based fertilizer had the best effect on the growth of tobacco plants.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, tobacco stem biochar based fertilizer, agronomic traits, production quality, chemical composition