不同品种珠芽黄魔芋化学成分及多酚氧化酶研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0935

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了分析不同品种珠芽黄魔芋的化学成分及多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase, PPO)特性，对5个珠芽黄魔芋品种的葡甘聚糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、生物碱、重金属元素进行测定，研究了3个珠芽黄魔芋品种的PPO最适温度、pH及其热稳定性。结果表明：5个珠芽黄魔芋品种的葡甘聚糖含量为55.30%~63.90%，粗纤维含量为2.77%~3.47%，蛋白质含量为8.08%~10.50%，生物碱的含量为1.73%~1.89%，锰含量为4.36~12.50 mg/kg，镉含量为0.0154~0.206 mg/kg，砷含量为0~0.0102 mg/kg，存在显著性差异(P < 0.05)；脂肪含量为0.27~0.35%，无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。‘弥勒魔芋’、‘西傣9号’、‘云热1701’的多酚氧化酶最适温度为35℃、40℃、35℃，最适pH为6.0、6.0、5.5，温度达到90℃时珠芽黄魔芋中的多酚氧化酶会在短时间内失活。不同品种珠芽黄魔芋的化学成分及多酚氧化酶存在差异性，本研究可为珠芽黄魔芋品种的筛选、加工提供一定的参考依据。

关键词: 珠芽黄魔芋, 化学成分, 重金属, 多酚氧化酶, 品种比较

Abstract:

In order to study the chemical composition and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) characteristics of different amorphophallus bulbifer varieties, the glucomannan, crude fiber, protein, alkaloid and heavy metal elements of five amorphophallus bulbifer varieties were determined and the optimum temperature, pH and thermal stability of PPO for three amorphophallus bulbifer varieties were studied. The results showed that glucomannan content of five amorphophallus bulbifer varieties ranged from 55.30% to 63.90%, crude fiber from 2.77% to 3.47%, protein from 8.08% to 10.50%, alkaloids from 1.73% to 1.89%, manganese from 4.36 to 12.50 mg/kg, cadmium from 0.0154 to 0.206 mg/kg, arsenic from 0 to 0.0102 mg/kg, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05); fat content ranged from 0.27% to 0.35% with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The optimum temperatures of PPO for ‘A. muelleri’, ‘XiDai 9’and ‘YunRe 1701’were 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 35 ℃, and the optimum pH were 6.0, 6.0 and 5.5. When the temperature reached 90 ℃, the PPO would be inactivated in a short time. There were differences in chemical composition and PPO of different varieties, and this study can provide some reference for the screening and processing of amorphophallus bulbifer varieties.

Key words: amorphophallus bulbifer, chemical composition, heavy metal, polyphenol oxidase, variety comparison

付镓榕, 徐荣, 姜士宽, 田耀华, 马尚玄, 岩利, 邹建云, 郭刚军. 不同品种珠芽黄魔芋化学成分及多酚氧化酶研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(30): 158-164.

FU Jiarong, XU Rong, JIANG Shikuan, TIAN Yaohua, MA Shangxuan, YAN Li, ZOU Jianyun, GUO Gangjun. Analysis of Chemical Composition and Polyphenol Oxidase of Different Amorphophallus Bulbifer Varieties[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(30): 158-164.

图/表 5

参考文献 26

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品种	葡甘聚糖	粗脂肪	粗纤维	蛋白质	生物碱
弥勒魔芋	59.71±0.84^b	0.31±0.01^a	3.47±0.16^a	10.20±0.15^b	1.80±0.08^ab
西傣9号	55.30±0.46^c	0.28±0.02^a	2.83±0.10^c	8.08±0.02^d	1.74±0.11^b
云热1701	63.90±0.56^a	0.28±0.02^a	3.25±0.04^b	10.50±0.06^a	1.85±0.04^ab
云热1702	63.01±0.54^a	0.34±0.10^a	2.77±0.08^c	9.96±0.01^c	1.89±0.08^a
云热1709	62.88±0.98^a	0.27±0.05^a	2.93±0.02^b	8.08±0.02^d	1.73±0.03^b

品种	葡甘聚糖	粗脂肪	粗纤维	蛋白质	生物碱
弥勒魔芋	59.71±0.84^b	0.31±0.01^a	3.47±0.16^a	10.20±0.15^b	1.80±0.08^ab
西傣9号	55.30±0.46^c	0.28±0.02^a	2.83±0.10^c	8.08±0.02^d	1.74±0.11^b
云热1701	63.90±0.56^a	0.28±0.02^a	3.25±0.04^b	10.50±0.06^a	1.85±0.04^ab
云热1702	63.01±0.54^a	0.34±0.10^a	2.77±0.08^c	9.96±0.01^c	1.89±0.08^a
云热1709	62.88±0.98^a	0.27±0.05^a	2.93±0.02^b	8.08±0.02^d	1.73±0.03^b

保温时间/min	70℃保温PPO相对活力/%			80℃保温PPO相对活力/%
保温时间/min	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号
0	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
5	77.35±1.06	68.41±0.00	57.93±0.00	56.98±0.07	39.82±0.00	43.06±0.00
10	71.29±0.08	54.33±0.72	52.29±0.53	57.75±0.85	35.89±0.36	35.19±0.53
15	70.75±0.91	53.22±2.15	51.51±0.65	53.25±0.71	17.62±1.47	22.87±0.80
20	61.90±0.91	43.58±0.36	42.20±0.66	43.77±0.49	16.33±0.79	18.33±1.09
25	68.57±1.60	42.35±0.98	40.50±1.05	43.70±1.27	15.17±0.51	13.06±1.57
30	57.75±0.85	35.43±1.23	38.92±0.14	21.57±0.91	10.07±0.22	10.97±1.63
保温时间/min	90℃保温PPO相对活力/%			100℃保温PPO相对活力/%
保温时间/min	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号
0	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
5	1.66±0.08	6.91±0.00	9.31±0.00	0.28±0.00	0.43±0.00	0.65±0.00
10	0.28±0.00	0.43±0.15	5.28±0.13	0.43±0.00	0.43±0.00	0.56±0.00
15	0.36±0.21	0.43±0.14	2.50±0.27	0.43±0.00	0.48±0.00	0.65±0.00
20	0.43±0.00	0.44±0.00	1.11±0.00	0.57±0.00	0.53±0.00	0.56±0.00
25	0.43±0.07	0.38±0.22	0.56±0.26	0.19±0.00	0.14±0.00	0.56±0.00
30	0.57±0.00	0.40±0.51	0.56±0.26	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00

保温时间/min	70℃保温PPO相对活力/%			80℃保温PPO相对活力/%
保温时间/min	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号
0	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
5	77.35±1.06	68.41±0.00	57.93±0.00	56.98±0.07	39.82±0.00	43.06±0.00
10	71.29±0.08	54.33±0.72	52.29±0.53	57.75±0.85	35.89±0.36	35.19±0.53
15	70.75±0.91	53.22±2.15	51.51±0.65	53.25±0.71	17.62±1.47	22.87±0.80
20	61.90±0.91	43.58±0.36	42.20±0.66	43.77±0.49	16.33±0.79	18.33±1.09
25	68.57±1.60	42.35±0.98	40.50±1.05	43.70±1.27	15.17±0.51	13.06±1.57
30	57.75±0.85	35.43±1.23	38.92±0.14	21.57±0.91	10.07±0.22	10.97±1.63
保温时间/min	90℃保温PPO相对活力/%			100℃保温PPO相对活力/%
保温时间/min	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号	弥勒魔芋	云热1701	西傣9号
0	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00	100.00±0.00
5	1.66±0.08	6.91±0.00	9.31±0.00	0.28±0.00	0.43±0.00	0.65±0.00
10	0.28±0.00	0.43±0.15	5.28±0.13	0.43±0.00	0.43±0.00	0.56±0.00
15	0.36±0.21	0.43±0.14	2.50±0.27	0.43±0.00	0.48±0.00	0.65±0.00
20	0.43±0.00	0.44±0.00	1.11±0.00	0.57±0.00	0.53±0.00	0.56±0.00
25	0.43±0.07	0.38±0.22	0.56±0.26	0.19±0.00	0.14±0.00	0.56±0.00
30	0.57±0.00	0.40±0.51	0.56±0.26	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00	0.00±0.00