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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (17): 17-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0440

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

温室蔬菜不同种植模式土壤重金属累积及风险评价

杨合法1(), 韩卉2, 闫勇1, 王琳3, 李季4()   

  1. 1中国农业大学曲周实验站，河北曲周 057250
    2廊坊师范学院生命科学学院，河北廊坊 065000
    3河南大学地理与环境学院，河南开封 475004
    4中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-26 修回日期:2022-07-24 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 李季，男，1965年出生，山西静乐人，教授，博士生导师，博士，主要从事有机农业、生态工程及有机废弃物处理方面的研究。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号，Tel：010-62732017，E-mail：liji@cau.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    杨合法，男，1966年出生，河北邯郸人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事有机农业和农业固体废弃物资源化利用方面的研究。通信地址：056900 河北省曲周县第四疃镇中国农业大学实验站，Tel：0310-8712017，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“基于病害生态调控的创新栽培模式、技术和产品研发”项目(2019YFD1002004)

Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risk Assessment of Greenhouse Vegetable Soil Under Different Planting Patterns

YANG Hefa1(), HAN Hui2, YAN Yong1, WANG Lin3, LI Ji4()   

  1. 1Quzhou Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, Quzhou, Hebei 057250
    2College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei 065000
    3The College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004
    4College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2022-05-26 Revised:2022-07-24 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-12

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摘要：

探讨不同种植模式温室菜地土壤重金属累积特性，以2002年建立的长期定位试验的温室菜地土壤为对象，利用ICP-MS和双道原子荧光光度计测定土壤重金属含量，分析其随种植年限的变化特征，并采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤重金属累积及潜在生态风险进行评价，同时对土壤理化性质与重金属累积量进行了相关性分析。结果表明：（1）3种种植模式土壤重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、As和Ni含量有不同程度的累积，均随种植年限的延长而增加，除Cd元素外，其余元素均未超过土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准。（2）从单因子污染指数(Pi)分析，Cd元素在3种种植模式中属轻微污染等级，其他重金属元素属清洁等级；从综合污染指数(P)分析，3种模式中的重金属均为轻污染等级。（3）单项重金属潜在生态风险系数(Ei)从大到小的顺序为Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn，Cd元素在有机模式中为很强生态危害水平，在无公害及常规模式中为强生态危害水平，其他重金属元素为轻微生态危害水平；3种种植模式潜在生态污染指数(RI)为中等生态危害程度，污染指数从大到小顺序为有机模式>无公害模式>常规模式，可见有机模式重金属污染风险更高；（4）土壤有机质与pH呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)，与Zn、Cu、Cd呈显著正相关(P<0.05)，pH与Zn、Cu、Cd呈现显著负相关(P<0.05)，Zn与Cu，Pb与Ni，Cu与Cd呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。施用有机肥可能是导致土壤重金属污染的最主要因素之一，因此建议在有机生产中，不仅要对有机肥原料重金属的含量严格要求，对有机肥的施用量也要适当控制。

关键词: 温室, 蔬菜, 种植模式, 土壤重金属, 风险评价

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in greenhouse vegetable soil under different planting patterns. ICP-MS and dual-channel atomic fluorescence spectrometer were used to measure heavy metal content in soil by a long-term greenhouse experiment set up in 2002, and the variation characteristics of heavy metal content with planting years were analyzed. The accumulation of soil heavy metals and potential ecological risks were assessed based on single factor pollution index method and Nemerow integrated factor pollution index method, and the correlation between soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation was analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As and Ni under three planting patterns accumulated in varying degrees, and increased with the extension of planting years, and heavy metals’ content did not exceed the risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land except Cd. (2) The analysis of single factor pollution index (Pi) showed that Cd belonged to slight pollution level, while other elements belonged to clean level under the three planting patterns, in addition, Nemerow integrated factor pollution index (P) analysis showed that all elements belonged to slight pollution level under the three patterns. (3) The potential ecological risk coefficient (Ei) value of each element was Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn; among them, Cd content implied very strong ecological risk in organic pattern (ORG), and strong ecological risk in low-input pattern (LOW) and conventional pattern (CON), while other elements were at the slight level. The potential ecological risk indexes (RI) of the three patterns were at medium ecological pollution level, with the value of ORG > LOW > CON, indicating higher risk of heavy metal pollution in ORG. (4) Soil organic matter was significantly negatively correlated with pH (P<0.01) and positively correlated with Zn, Cu and Cd (P<0.05), and pH was negatively correlated with Zn, Cu and Cd (P<0.05), while a significantly positive correlation was found between Zn and Cu, Pb and Ni, and Cu and Cd (P<0.05). Application of organic fertilizer might be one of the main factors leading to soil heavy metal pollution. Therefore, the authors suggested that in organic production, the content of heavy metals in organic fertilizer raw materials should be strictly specified, and the application amount of organic fertilizer should also be properly controlled.

Key words: greenhouse, vegetable, planting pattern, soil heavy metals, risk assessment