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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 139-145.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0397

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

15个水稻品种稻谷镉富集特性及其安全风险评价

连秀叶()   

  1. 漳州市长泰区农业检验检测中心，福建漳州 363900
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-15 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-21
  • 作者简介:

    连秀叶，女，1971年出生，福建漳州人，高级农艺师，本科，学士，主要从事农产品质量安全技术研究。通信地址：363900 漳州市长泰区武安镇人民西路81号长泰区农业农村局，Tel：0596-6327919，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    2021年福建省生态农业专项资金项目“水稻重金属低富集品种筛选及示范”(闽财农指〔2020〕105号)

Cadmium Enrichment Characteristics of 15 Rice Varieties and the Safety Risk Assessment

LIAN Xiuye()   

  1. Zhangzhou Changtai District Agricultural Inspection and Testing Center, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363900
  • Received:2022-05-15 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-21

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摘要：

为了探明当前漳州市长泰区种植的水稻品种稻谷对镉的富集特性及其质量安全，以当地15个水稻主栽品种为试材，采用添加镉源的盆栽试验及大田试验，考察稻谷对镉的富集系数及评价其质量安全风险。结果表明，在弱酸性(5.5<pH≤6.5)水田土壤中，盆栽试验土壤镉全量分别为0.060 mg/kg、0.39 mg/kg、0.65 mg/kg时，15个品种稻谷镉含量变幅分别为0.026~0.10 mg/kg、0.16~0.67 mg/kg和0.32~1.18 mg/kg；大田试验土壤镉全量分别为0.15 mg/kg、0.21 mg/kg、0.11mg/kg时，15个品种稻谷镉含量变幅分别为0.048~0.25 mg/kg、0.083~0.36 mg/kg和0.043~0.22 mg/kg；同一品种稻谷镉含量与土壤镉全量呈正相关性直线关系(P<0.01)。不同品种稻谷对镉的富集能力有明显的差异(P<0.05)，盆栽试验和大田试验的富集系数分别为46.6%~179.3%、38.3%~179.4%；聚类分析得出2个品种为高富集、7个品种为中富集和6个品种为低富集。依据GB2762—2017规定的稻谷中镉含量限量标准(0.2 mg/kg)，低富集、中富集和高富集水稻品种，水田土壤(5.5<pH≤6.5)镉全量风险临界值分别为0.31~0.41 mg/kg、0.16~0.25 mg/kg、0.11~0.12 mg/kg。漳州市长泰区15个水稻主栽的品种，稻谷对镉的富集特性有明显差异；在土壤镉全量≥风险临界值的水田上种植，稻谷中镉含量将存在着高于0.2 mg/kg的质量安全风险。

关键词: 水稻品种, 稻谷, 镉, 富集特性, 质量安全, 风险评价

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the cadmium enrichment characteristics of rice varieties planted in Changtai District of Zhangzhou and the rice quality safety. 15 local main rice varieties were used as the experimental materials, and pot experiments and field experiments of adding cadmium were adopted. The cadmium enrichment coefficient of rice was investigated, and the risk of rice quality safety was evaluated. The results showed that the cadmium content of the 15 rice varieties was in the range of 0.026-0.10 mg/kg, 0.16-0.67 mg/kg and 0.32-1.18 mg/kg, respectively, when the total cadmium content of pot experiment was 0.060 mg/kg, 0.39 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5 < pH≤6.5). When the total cadmium content of the field experiment was 0.15 mg/kg, 0.21 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg in light acidic paddy soil (5.5 < pH≤6.5), the variation scope of cadmium content of the 15 rice varieties was 0.048-0.25 mg/kg, 0.083-0.36 mg/kg and 0.043-0.22 mg/kg, respectively. The cadmium content of the same rice variety was positively and linearly correlated with the total cadmium content in soil (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the enrichment ability of cadmium among different rice varieties (P < 0.05), and the enrichment coefficient of pot experiment and field experiment was 46.6%-179.3% and 38.3%-179.4%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that there were 2 rice varieties with high enrichment ability, 7 varieties with medium enrichment ability and 6 varieties with low enrichment ability. According to the limit standard of cadmium in rice in GB2762-2017 (0.2 mg/kg), for rice varieties with low, medium and high enrichment ability, the critical risk value of total cadmium was 0.31-0.41 mg/kg, 0.16-0.25 mg/kg and 0.11-0.12 mg/kg, respectively, in light acidic paddy soil (5.5<pH≤6.5). Overall, the cadmium enrichment characteristics of the 15 main rice varieties in Changtai District of Zhangzhou are significantly different. For rice variety planted in paddy fields where the total cadmium content is above the critical risk value, its cadmium content will have a quality safety risk of being higher than 0.2 mg/kg.

Key words: rice variety, rice, cadmium, enrichment characteristics, quality safety, risk assessment