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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (31): 27-37.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0877

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北平原木香蜜甜香型烤烟主产区烟叶外观特征分析

左伟标1(), 蔡宪杰2(), 关琦3, 郭文2, 王皓4, 薛超群5, 闫鼎2, 许成悦2, 曹亚凡2, 卢晓华2, 窦家宇1, 宋纪真5   

  1. 1 华环国际烟草有限公司技术中心，安徽滁州 233121
    2 上海烟草集团有限责任公司物资采购中心，上海 200082
    3 上海烟草集团北京卷烟厂有限公司，北京 100024
    4 中国烟叶公司，北京 100055
    5 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院，郑州 450001
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20 修回日期:2023-06-12 出版日期:2023-11-05 发布日期:2023-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 蔡宪杰，男，1973年出生，河南民权人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事烟叶生产与质量评价研究。通信地址：200082 上海市杨浦区长阳路717号 上海烟草集团有限责任公司，E-mail：caixj@sh.tobacco.com.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    左伟标，男，1982年出生，河南滑县人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事烟叶生产与质量评价研究。通信地址：233121 安徽省滁州市凤阳县门台工业园区 华环国际烟草有限公司，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    上海烟草集团有限责任公司科技项目“基于卷烟品牌需求的烟叶外观分型研究”(K2015-1-044P)

Appearance Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Woody and Honey-Sweetness Flavor Type in Core Planting Areas of Northeast Plain Ecological Area

ZUO Weibiao1(), CAI Xianjie2(), GUAN Qi3, GUO Wen2, WANG Hao4, XUE Chaoqun5, YAN Ding2, XU Chengyue2, CAO Yafan2, LU Xiaohua2, DOU Jiayu1, SONG Jizhen5   

  1. 1 Technology Center, Huahuan International Tobacco Co., Ltd., Chuzhou, Anhui 233121
    2 Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200082
    3 Beijing Cigarette Factory of Shanghai Tobacco Group, Beijing 100024
    4 China National Tobacco Leaf Corporation, Beijing 100055
    5 Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China Tobacco, Zhengzhou 450001
  • Received:2022-10-20 Revised:2023-06-12 Published-:2023-11-05 Online:2023-10-31

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摘要：

探究木香蜜甜香型烤烟外观特征对于挖掘其应用价值有重要作用。基于东北平原生态区6个烤烟主产区的C2F样品，采用多种经典及地统计方法对外观特征进行描述评价、差异分析和空间特征分析，探讨了其与烟叶内在品质的关系。结果表明：（1）有蜡质感、结构偏密、颜色桔黄或浅黄、色度偏弱（饱满度偏弱）为烤烟相对鲜明的外观识别特征。（2）底色和叶面叶背色差的最优模型为线性模型，表现为纯块金效应，弱空间自相关；厚度、叶尖叶基身份差、光泽和成熟度的最优模型为指数模型，蜡质感、柔韧性、叶片结构、身份和色度的最优模型为球面模型，叶面组织、颜色深浅、颜色和油分的最优模型为高斯模型；叶面组织和色度呈中等空间自相关，其余11个指标的块金系数为0.10%~22.86%，呈强空间自相关。叶片结构分布较均一，柔韧性、光泽、颜色、成熟度和色度大致为中部高、周边低，其余9个指标在全区或分区内大致呈从东北至西南逐步升高的格局。（3）烟叶厚度越厚、成熟度越低，则淀粉越高；叶面叶背色差越小，则氯越低；叶尖叶基身份差越小，则钾氯比和两糖比越高；烟叶颜色越浅，则烟碱越低。烟叶油分越多，则感官评吸中蜜甜香、青香越明显，香气质越好；叶片结构越疏松，则木香越明显；烟叶厚度相对增加，则香气量就越足、香气透发性越好、劲头越大。研究初次明确了识别木香蜜甜香型烤烟产地及内在品质的主要外观指标及相应关系，初探了指标的空间变异及分布特征，可为特色烟叶定向开发与精准采购提供一定参考。

关键词: 烤烟, 东北平原生态区, 木香蜜甜香型, 外观特征, 空间分布, 内在品质

Abstract:

It is important to explore the appearance characteristics of flue-cured tobacco of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type for excavating its application value. Based on the C2F samples of flue-cured tobacco from 6 core planting areas in the northeast plain ecological region, several classical and geostatistical methods were used to describe and evaluate the appearance characteristics, differences and spatial characteristics were analyzed, and the relationship between the appearance characteristics and the intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves was discussed. The results showed that: (1) obvious wax texture, slightly dense structure, orange or light yellow color and slightly weak color intensity (plumpness) were the relatively distinct appearance identification characteristics of flue-cured tobacco. (2) The optimal model of background color and leaf color difference between front and back was a linear model, and the indexes showed pure nugget effect and weak spatial autocorrelation. The optimal model of thickness, leaf body difference between tip and base, luster and maturity was an exponential model. The optimal model of wax texture, flexibility, leaf structure, and body and color intensity was a spherical model. The optimal model of leaf surface tissue, color depth, color and oil was a Gaussian model. The leaf surface tissue and color intensity showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, and the remaining 11 indexes showed strong spatial autocorrelation, with their nugget coefficients from 0.10% to 22.86%. The distribution of leaf structure was relatively uniform, and the flexibility, luster, color, maturity and color intensity were generally high in the middle and low in the periphery. The remaining 9 indexes generally showed a gradual upward trend from the northeast to the southwest in the whole or sub region. (3) Generally, the thicker the thickness, and the lower the maturity, the higher the starch; the smaller the leaf color difference between front and back, the lower the chlorine; the smaller the leaf body difference between tip and base, the higher the potassium/chlorine and reducing sugar/total sugar; the lighter the color, the lower the nicotine. Generally, the more the oil, the more obvious the honey-sweetness and green scents, and the better the aroma quality in the sensory evaluation; the looser the leaf structure, the more obvious the woody scent; the thicker the thickness, the more abundant the aroma and the better the aroma permeability, and the greater the smoking strength. The study firstly clarified the main appearance indexes and corresponding relationships for identifying the origin and intrinsic quality of woody and honey-sweetness flavor type flue-cured tobacco, and preliminarily explored the spatial variation and distribution characteristics of indexes. The results could provide intuitive reference for targeted development and precise purchase of feature tobacco leaves.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, northeast plain ecological area, woody and honey-sweetness flavor type, appearance characteristic, spatial distribution, intrinsic quality