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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (21): 33-38.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0692

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

文山喀斯特烟区红壤上施硼对烤烟产质量的影响

李鹏飞1(), 张晓伟2, 余小芬3, 徐天养1, 邱学礼3, 殷红慧1, 邹炳礼3, 杨树明3()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司文山州公司，云南文山 663099
    2 云南省烟草质量监督检测站，昆明 650106
    3 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-11 修回日期:2022-11-10 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-24
  • 通讯作者: 杨树明，男，1973年出生，云南武定人，研究员，博士，主要从事土壤肥料与农业环境研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号，E-mail：1569885088@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    李鹏飞，男，1981年出生，湖南衡阳人，高级农艺师，博士，主要从事土壤保育绿色生态烟叶研究。通信地址：663099 云南省文山市开化街道，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目“钙、镁、硼、氯施肥技术与烟叶品质调控研究”(2020530000242021)

Effects of Boron Application on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality of Karst Tobacco-growing Soil in Wenshan

LI Pengfei1(), ZHANG Xiaowei2, YU Xiaofen3, XU Tianyang1, QIU Xueli3, YIN Honghui1, ZOU Bingli3, YANG Shuming3()   

  1. 1 Wenshan Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Wenshan, Yunnan 663099
    2 Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection & Supervision Station, Kunming 650106
    3 Agricultural Resources & Environment Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2022-08-11 Revised:2022-11-10 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-24

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摘要：

针对文山喀斯特烟区红壤硼重度缺乏的特点，探讨提高烤烟产质量的施硼有效途径。以烤烟品种‘云烟100'为材料，研究基施和叶面喷施硼肥方式及用量对植烟土壤养分、烟株营养生长、光合性能及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明：与T1(CK)相比，烟株根区基施或喷施硼肥对土壤pH、有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾和水溶性氯含量无显著影响，但能显著增加土壤有效硼含量；而且可促进烟株营养生长，增加烟叶上等烟比例、产量和产值，其中T5、T6和T8产值较CK增加24.57%、21.59%和28.15%。与CK相比，所有施硼肥处理的烟株叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)分别显著提高10.22%~90.11%、18.17%~90.91%和6.56%~51.97%，T5、T6、T8效果最好；而T2、T3、T5、T6、T8的蒸腾速率(Tr)均较CK显著降低2.78%~26.85%。与CK相比，增施硼肥明显改善中部初烤烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、氧化钾、水溶性氯、钙、镁和硼含量，以T5、T6、T8烟叶化学成分协调性最好。在文山喀斯特烟区缺硼植烟土壤上，烤烟移栽基施硼砂15~22.5 kg/hm2，配合烟株团棵期、旺长期、成熟期分别叶面喷施0.1%、0.2%、0.3%硼砂，此组合可显著提高土壤有效硼及烟叶硼含量，促进烟株生长发育，提高烟叶光合速率及产量、产值，改善烟叶化学成分协调性。

关键词: 烤烟, 硼, 基施, 喷施, 光合特性

Abstract:

According to severe boron-deficiency characteristics of tobacco-growing soil in karst Wenshan, we proposed a resolution of boron application to improve yield and quality of tobacco. A field experiment was conducted with flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 100' as material, and borax was the source of boron fertilizer. The effects of basal application and foliar spraying borax fertilizer on soil, vegetative growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, basal application or spraying of boron fertilizer had no significant effect on soil pH, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and water-soluble chlorine contents, but could significantly increase soil available boron content. Moreover, it could promote the vegetative growth, superior proportion, yield and output value of tobacco, among which the output value in T5, T6 and T8 treatments increased by 24.57%, 21.59% and 28.15% compared with T1(CK), respectively. Similarly, compared with CK treatment, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of tobacco leaves were significantly increased by 10.22%-90.11%, 18.17%-90.91% and 6.56%-51.97%, respectively, particularly in T5, T6 and T8 treatments. Meanwhile, the transpiration rates (Tr) of T2, T3, T5, T6 and T8 were significantly reduced by 2.78%-26.85%. Compared with CK, boron application treatments significantly improved the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium oxide, water-soluble chlorine, calcium, magnesium and boron, and T5, T6 and T8 tobacco leaves had the best chemical composition coordination. On the boron-deficient tobacco-growing soil in the karst area of Wenshan, the integration of basal application and spraying borax fertilizer could significantly increase the content of available boron in soil and tobacco leaf, and effectively promote growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, economic benefits, and coordination of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. In summary, it was best to apply 15-22.5 kg/hm2 of basal borax application combined with spraying borax at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% at resettling stage, vigorous growing stage, maturing stage, respectively.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, boron, basic fertilizer, spraying, photosynthetic characteristics