欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 80-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0344

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对抚仙湖流域烟田氮磷流失及氮素利用的影响

杜彩艳1(), 吴迪1, 李家逵2, 白继元2, 代快2, 李家瑞1, 何玉华3, 李江舟2()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
    2 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司，云南玉溪 653100
    3 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-23 修回日期:2022-07-03 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
  • 作者简介:

    杜彩艳，女，1977年出生，云南维西人，研究员，博士，主要从事植物营养与环境生态方面研究。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区龙泉街道2238号 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，Tel：0871-65891333，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目“抚仙湖流域植烟区氮磷面源污染防治关键技术应用”(2020530000241006)

Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Tobacco Nitrogen Utilization in the Fuxian Lake Basin

DU Caiyan1(), WU Di1, LI Jiakui2, BAI Jiyuan2, DAI Kuai2, LI Jiarui1, HE Yuhua3, LI Jiangzhou2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources ＆ Environment, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
    2 Yunnan Tobacco Company Yuxi Branch, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100
    3 Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2022-04-23 Revised:2022-07-03 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-01

RichHTML

6

PDF (PC)

27

摘要：

为探究抚仙湖流域植烟区烤烟适宜施氮量，减少烟田径流氮磷流失，通过田间试验研究了不同施氮(N)水平(N0：0 kg/hm2、N60：60 kg/hm2、N75：75 kg/hm2、N90：90 kg/hm2、N105：105 kg/hm2)对植烟区农田地表径流氮磷流失、烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum)氮素吸收利用和经济性状的影响。结果表明：（1）随着氮肥施用量增加，地表径流总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度及其流失量逐渐升高；（2）与常规施氮处理(N105)相比，N60、N75、N90处理径流TN和TP平均浓度分别降低18.6%、14.7%、9.15%和12.3%、7.66%、5.25%，TN和TP流失总量分别降低19.2%、18.1%、9.81%和14.4%、10.1%、6.78%；（3）烟株氮累积量随施氮量的增加而增加，氮肥利用率呈先上升后下降趋势，以处理N75的氮肥利用率最高，为27.00%；氮肥偏生产力随着施氮水平的提高而显著下降(P<0.05)；（4）烤烟产量随施氮量提高而增加，施氮处理较N0处理增产3.02%~13.90%，上等烟、上中等烟比例、产值和均价，随施氮量增加呈先上升后下降趋势，以施氮量75 kg/hm2的效果最佳。综合考虑烤烟经济性状及环境效益，N75处理既可提高烤烟经济性状，又能有效降低植烟区氮磷流失风险。

关键词: 抚仙湖流域, 施氮量, 氮磷流失, 烤烟, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

To explore the suitable nitrogen (N) application rate for flue-cured tobacco in the tobacco planting areas of Fuxian Lake basin and reduce runoff loss of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from tobacco field, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different N application rates (N0: 0 kg/hm2, N60: 60 kg/hm2, N75: 75 kg/hm2, N90: 90 kg/hm2 and N105: 105 kg/hm2) on N and P loss from farmland via surface runoff, and N use efficiency and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The results are as the follows. (1) With the increase of N fertilizer application rate, the concentration and the loss of total N (TN), total P (TP) via surface runoff increased gradually. (2) Compared with conventional N application treatment (N105), the average concentration of TN and TP in surface runoff under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 18.6%, 14.7%, 9.15% and 12.3%, 7.66%, 5.25%, respectively, and the total loss of TN and TP under N60, N75 and N90 treatments decreased by 19.2%, 18.1%, 9.81%, and 14.4%, 10.1%, 6.78%, respectively. (3) The N accumulation of tobacco plants increased with the increase of N application rate. Meanwhile, the N use efficiency increased first and then decreased, of which the highest value of 27.00% was obtained in N75 treatment. The partial productivity of N fertilizer decreased significantly with the increase of N application rate (P<0.05). (4) The yield of flue-cured tobacco increased with the increase of N application rate, and the yield of N application treatments increased by 3.02%-13.9% compared with that of N0 treatment. Similarly, the proportion of high-quality tobacco, high-medium quality tobacco, output value and average price increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate. The best quality and output value of flue-cured tobacco were obtained by N75 treatment. Considering the economic characteristics and environmental benefits of flue-cured tobacco, 75 kg/hm2 N application rate could not only improve the economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, but also effectively reduce the risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss in tobacco growing areas in Fuxian Lake basin.

Key words: Fuxian Lake basin, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen and phosphorus loss, flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen use efficiency