欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (22): 1-10.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0052

所属专题: 生物技术

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

化肥减施下生物有机肥对连作甜菜光合特性、干物质积累转运和产量形成的影响

郭晓霞1(), 田露1, 菅彩媛1, 黄春燕1, 李智1, 张鹏2, 韩康1, 梁亚晖1, 孔德娟2, 苏文斌1()   

  1. 1 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010031
    2 乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-03 修回日期:2023-06-07 出版日期:2023-08-05 发布日期:2023-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 苏文斌,男,1964年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,研究员,学士,研究方向:甜菜抗逆栽培与耕作。通信地址:010031 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,E-mail:swb1964@sina.com
  • 作者简介:

    郭晓霞,女,1983年出生,内蒙古通辽人,研究员,博士,研究方向:甜菜抗逆栽培与耕作。通信地址:010031 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市玉泉区昭君路22号 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“甜菜土壤连作障碍防治关键技术研究与集成示范”(2020CG0060); 国家自然科学基金项目“甜菜根际微生物对连作障碍的响应及生物防控机理”(32060444); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金“糖料产业技术体系-甜菜抗逆栽培岗”(CARS-170207); 内蒙古自治区草原英才创新团队项目“甜菜提质增效绿色栽培技术创新人才团队”。

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transportation and Yield Formation of Continuous Cropping Sugar Beet Under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

GUO Xiaoxia1(), TIAN Lu1, JIAN Caiyuan1, HUANG Chunyan1, LI Zhi1, ZHANG Peng2, HAN Kang1, LIANG Yahui1, KONG Dejuan2, SU Wenbin1()   

  1. 1 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031
    2 Ulanqab Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000
  • Received:2023-01-03 Revised:2023-06-07 Online:2023-08-05 Published:2023-07-28

摘要:

为研究化肥减施下生物有机肥对连作甜菜的调控效应,筛选最适宜生物有机肥用量,以常规施肥(化肥施用量900 kg/hm2)为对照(CK),在化肥减施300 kg/hm2的基础上,设置1500 kg/hm2(BOF1)、3000 kg/hm2(BOF2)、4500 kg/hm2(BOF3)、6000 kg/hm2(BOF4)、7500 kg/hm2(BOF5)5个生物有机肥处理,探究其对连作甜菜光合特性、干物质积累和分配以及产质量形成的影响。结果表明,生物有机肥能够不同程度促进连作甜菜光合特性的改善和干物质的积累,与CK相比,处理BOF1在全生育时期甜菜光合特性和干物质积累量差异均不显著;处理BOF2在不同时期、不同指标间表现不一致;处理BOF3、BOF4和BOF5除苗期外均表现出显著差异,其中净光合速率提高6.93%~15.23%、11.50%~21.67%和5.53%~16.23%,胞间CO2浓度提高10.14%~16.60%、14.90%~23.06%和9.90%~16.23%,蒸腾速率提高12.29%~33.18%、17.81%~42.42%和10.26%~36.03%,气孔导度提高15.35%~22.34%、23.20%~34.94%和14.61%~22.80%,SPAD值提高12.93%~24.03%、24.30%~30.94%和12.85%~23.14%,干物质积累量提高14.29%~25.09%、23.95%~40.09%和16.24%~27.10%。仅有处理BOF4具有调节除苗期外各生育时期干物质分配的积极作用,显著降低甜菜叶片分配比例2.25%~10.19%,显著提高块根分配比例2.24%~7.58%,有效促进甜菜干物质由地上向块根转运。连作甜菜产量随生物有机肥施用量增加呈先增加后降低趋势,除处理BOF1外,其余各处理产量均显著高于CK,BOF2、BOF3、BOF4和BOF5甜菜产量分别提高5.69%、11.82%、22.29%和11.95%;产糖量仅有BOF3和BOF4表现显著,分别增加8.82%和17.39%,且通过线性拟合,甜菜产量和产糖量最大值均出现在施用量6000 kg/hm2附近。综上,化肥减量300 kg/hm2的基础上配施6000 kg/hm2生物有机肥能够实现连作甜菜产质双增。

关键词: 减量施肥, 生物有机肥, 连作甜菜, 光合特性, 干物质, 产质量

Abstract:

To study the regulatory effects of bio-organic fertilizer on continuous cropping sugar beet under reduced chemical fertilizer and to screen out the best amount of bio organic fertilizer, conventional fertilization (900 kg/hm2 chemical fertilizer) was used as the control (CK), five bio-organic fertilizer treatments were set up (BOF1: 1500 kg/hm2, BOF2: 3000 kg/hm2, BOF3: 4500 kg/hm2, BOF4: 6000 kg/hm2 and BOF5: 7500 kg/hm2), and on the basis of reducing 300 kg/hm2 chemical fertilizer, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and quality formation of continuous cropping sugar beet were studied. The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could promote the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of continuous cropping sugar beet. Compared with the CK, the BOF1 had no significant effects on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of sugar beet during the whole growth periods. Those of BOF2 showed differently among different index and growth periods. While the effects of BOF3, BOF4 and BOF5 all showed significantly except at seedling growth period. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 6.93%-15.23%, 11.50%-21.67% and 5.53%-16.23%, respectively; the intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 10.14%-16.60%, 14.90%-23.06% and 9.90%-16.23%, respectively; the stomatal conductance increased by 15.35%-22.34%, 23.20%-34.94% and 14.61%-22.80%, respectively; the SPAD value increased by 12.93%-24.03%, 24.30%-30.94% and 12.85%-23.14%, respectively; and the total dry matter accumulation amount increased by 14.29%-25.09%, 23.95%-40.09% and 16.24%-27.10%, respectively. Only BOF4 had positive effects on regulating dry matter distribution except at seedling stage. The distribution rate of leaf significantly decreased by 2.25%-10.19%, and the distribution rate of root significantly increased by 2.24%-7.58%. It could effectively promote the transfer of dry matter from ground to the root tubers of sugar beet. The yield of continuous cropping sugar beet increased first and then decreased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application amounts. Except treatment BOF1, other biological organic fertilizer treatments all significantly increased the yield compared with CK. The yield of sugar beet in BOF2, BOF3, BOF4 and BOF5 increased by 5.69%, 11.82%, 22.29% and 11.95%, respectively. Only in BOF3 and BOF4, the sugar yield significantly increased by 8.82% and 17.39% compared with the CK. At the same time, through linear fitting, the maximum beet yield and sugar yield appeared around the application amount of 6000 kg/hm2. Above all, on the basis of reducing chemical fertilizer for 300 kg/hm2, the combination with biological organic fertilizer of 6000 kg/hm2 can increase the yield and quality of continuous cropping sugar beet at the same time.

Key words: reduction of chemical fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer, continuous cropping sugar beet, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter, yield and quality