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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 57-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0430

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

缓释尿素配施黄腐酸对黑青稞干物质积累、分配及转运的影响

东强(), 朱定英, 周新, 许明龙, 张毅, 王建林()   

  1. 西藏农牧学院植物科学学院，西藏林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-30 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 王建林，男，1969年出生，甘肃人，教授，主要从事生物多样性与植物生态方面的研究。通信地址：860000 西藏自治区林芝市巴宜区八一镇育才西路100号 西藏农牧学院，E-mail：xzwangjl@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    东强，男，1996年出生，河南驻马店人，硕士，研究方向：高原作物生理与生态。通信地址：860000 西藏自治区林芝市巴宜区八一镇育才西路100号 西藏农牧学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区中央引导地方科技项目“土壤盐渍化对化肥氮素转化过程影响及其调控机制研究”(XZ202202YD0025C); 西藏自治区重大科技专项“青稞新品种（系）培育”(XZ202101ZD0004N-03); 西藏自治区重点研发计划项目“隆子黑青稞增产关键技术研究与示范”(YDZX20195400004717); 西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划资助项目“氮肥减量配施黄腐酸对隆子盐碱地改良及对黑青稞产量、光合特性的响应”(YJS2021-08)

Slow-release Urea Combined with Fulvic Acid: Effects on Accumulation, Distribution and Transport of Dry Matter in Black Highland Barley

DONG Qiang(), ZHU Dingying, ZHOU Xin, XU Minglong, ZHANG Yi, WANG Jianlin()   

  1. College of Plant Science, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000
  • Received:2022-05-30 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-10

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摘要：

为了明确不同尿素配施黄腐酸对黑青稞干物质、产量、氮肥利用等方面的影响，以隆子黑青稞为试验材料，通过随机区组试验，比较分析了不同肥料配施方案对黑青稞干物质积累、分配、转运和产量的影响。结果表明：（1）缓释尿素处理较常规尿素处理黑青稞开花期与成熟期叶片、茎鞘、穗干物质积累量平均提升10.5%、9.11%、10.91%，缓释尿素配施黄腐酸可以进一步提高黑青稞各部位干物质积累量。（2）缓释尿素与黄腐酸降低了黑青稞营养器官花前贮藏干物质转运量和转运率，提高了开花期干物质的叶片分配率，进而促使花后黑青稞光合同化物积累量与贡献率的上升。（3）缓释尿素处理较常规尿素处理黑青稞籽粒产量、氮肥农学效率、偏生产力、贡献率分别显著提高13.80%、44.13%、13.80%、26.66%，缓释尿素配施黄腐酸处理较缓释尿素处理籽粒产量、氮肥农学效率、偏生产力、贡献率分别提高21.66%、54.69%、21.64%、27.13%。缓释尿素配施黄腐酸可显著提高黑青稞干物质积累量、产量、氮肥利用率，减氮20%后黑青稞干物质积累量、产量、氮肥利用率呈下降趋势，所以生产上黑青稞施肥方案以135 kg/hm2缓释尿素配施黄腐酸为佳。

关键词: 缓释尿素, 黄腐酸, 黑青稞, 干物质, 产量

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of combined application of different urea fertilizers with fulvic acid on dry matter, yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization of black highland barley, taking Longzi black highland barley as the experimental material, we conducted random block experiments to compare and analyze the effects of different fertilization schemes on dry matter accumulation, distribution and transport, and yield of black highland barley. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with conventional urea treatment, slow-release urea treatment increased dry matter accumulation in leaf, stem sheath and ear by 10.50%, 9.11% and 10.91% on average at flowering stage and mature stage. And the slow-release urea combined with fulvic acid treatment could further increase the dry matter accumulation in each part of black highland barley. (2) Slow-release urea and fulvic acid reduced the transfer volume and transfer rate of dry matter in the vegetative organs of black highland barley before flowering, improved the distribution rate of dry matter in leaves at flowering stage, and then increased the accumulation and contribution rate of photosynthetic assimilates in black highland barley after flowering. (3) Compared with conventional urea treatment, slow-release urea treatment significantly increased grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate by 13.80%, 44.13%, 13.80% and 26.66%, respectively. Compared with slow-release urea treatment, slow-release urea with fulvic acid treatment could increase grain yield, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, partial productivity and contribution rate by 21.66%, 54.69%, 21.64% and 27.31%, respectively. The application of slow-release urea with fulvic acid could significantly improve the dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization rate of black highland barley, and these indexes showed a decreasing trend after nitrogen fertilizer reduction by 20%. Therefore, the combined application of 135 kg/hm2 slow-release urea with fulvic acid is the best fertilization scheme for black highland barley.

Key words: slow-release urea, fulvic acid, black highland barley, dry matter, yield