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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 64-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0355

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同滴灌带布设方式对苹果×大豆间作系统养分分布及利用特征的影响

万倩1,2(), 王若水1,2(), 肖婉1,2, 罗成威1,2, 窦晓宇1,2, 王莉莎1,2, 熊常1,2, 王鑫1,2, 代厚帅1,2   

  1. 1 山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,北京林业大学,北京 100083
    2 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-23 修回日期:2022-07-08 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 王若水,男,1983年出生,湖北宜昌人,副教授,博士,主要从事复合农林经营等方面研究。通信地址:100083 北京林业大学水土保持学院,E-mail:wrsily_2002@163.com
  • 作者简介:

    万倩,女,1997年出生,江西南昌人,硕士,主要从事农林复合经营方面研究。通信地址:100083 北京林业大学水土保持学院,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助(2022YFE0115300); 国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(32271960)

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Belt Deployment Methods on Nutrient Distribution and Utilization Characteristics of Apple-Soybean Alley Cropping System

WAN Qian1,2(), WANG Ruoshui1,2(), XIAO Wan1,2, LUO Chengwei1,2, DOU Xiaoyu1,2, WANG Lisha1,2, XIONG Chang1,2, WANG Xin1,2, DAI Houshuai1,2   

  1. 1 Jixian Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2 College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2022-04-23 Revised:2022-07-08 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-04-10

摘要:

为探究不同滴灌带布设方式对果农间作系统养分的分布及利用特征的影响,以晋西黄土区典型的苹果/大豆间作系统为研究对象,设置裂区试验,分析不同滴灌带布设措施下,苹果/大豆间作系统的土壤养分的空间分布、大豆产量及养分吸收利用效率。设置3种滴灌带间距(L1:每行大豆根部布设滴灌带;L2:每间隔1行大豆布设1条滴灌带;L3:每间隔3行大豆布设2条滴灌带)和2种覆膜方式(M1:覆白膜;M0:不覆膜)。结果表明:覆膜和滴灌带间距对土壤养分分布影响显著(P<0.05),在水平方向上距树不同距离的土壤养分含量出现“V”和“N”型变化规律,通过改变滴灌带间距调节水肥的再分布可以促进生态位的分离而缓解竞争,同时提高养分的吸收利用效率有效的增加产量,其中养分含量及吸收利用效率最高的是覆膜+每间隔一行大豆布设一条滴灌带的处理,其产量为1747.6 kg/hm2,该模式更适合为缓解苹果/大豆间作群体的种间水肥竞争提供参考。

关键词: 果农间作, 滴灌带布设, 种间竞争, 土壤养分, 晋西黄土区

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different drip irrigation belt deployment methods on soil and plant nutrient distribution and utilization characteristics in an alley cropping system, a split-zone experiment was carried out to analyze the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, soybean yield, plant nutrient uptake and use efficiency in a typical apple-soybean intercropping system under different drip irrigation belt deployment. Three types of drip belt spacing (L1: drip belt at the root of each soybean row; L2: one drip belt every other soybean row; L3: two drip belts every three soybean rows) and two types of mulching (M1: white film and M0: without film) were applied. The results showed that mulching type and drip irrigation belt layout had significant effects on the distribution of soil nutrients (P<0.05). In the horizontal direction, the variation trend of soil nutrient content in different distances from tree rows showed “V” and “N” shape patterns. By means of the drip belt layout, soil water and fertilizer could be redistributed, hence to promote the niche separation and alleviate competition between the two species as well, which could further improve the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency to increase the yield ultimately. The highest plant nutrient content and uptake and utilization efficiency were both achieved in the treatment of white film mulching with one drip irrigation belt every other soybean row layout, under which the highest yield was 1747.6 kg/hm2. The model could provide reference for alleviating the interspecific water-fertilizer competition in apple-soybean intercropping system.

Key words: alley cropping system, drip irrigation belt deployment, interspecific competition, soil nutrients, Loess Plateau of west Shanxi Province