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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 91-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0094

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮和侧深基施缓混肥对‘南粳5055’产量、品质及氮素吸收利用的影响

阚建鸾1(), 石吕2, 韩笑2, 周志宏1, 苏建平1, 刘建2, 薛亚光2()   

  1. 1 如皋市农业技术推广中心,江苏如皋 226500
    2 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所/南通市循环农业重点实验室,江苏南通 226002
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-29 修回日期:2023-04-08 出版日期:2024-01-10 发布日期:2024-01-10
  • 通讯作者:
    薛亚光,男,1986年出生,江苏如皋人,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培学与耕作学方面的研究。通信地址:226002 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,Tel:0513-89111843,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    阚建鸾,女,1986年出生,江苏如皋人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事土壤肥料技术推广方面的研究。通信地址:226500 如皋市农业技术推广中心,Tel:0513-87532640,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    2021年如皋市部级化肥减量增效示范县建设项目田间试验“2021年如皋市部级化肥减量增效示范县建设项目田间试验”(Z320682210066); 南通市科技项目“水稻绿色低碳与节本增效技术创新与集成”(MS22022095); “‘元麦-稻’量质协同提升绿色高效生产技术创新与集成示范”(MS22021037)

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction and Side Deep Application of Controlled-release Blend Fertilizer on Grain Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Japonica Rice ‘Nanjing 5055’

KAN Jianluan1(), SHI Lv2, HAN Xiao2, ZHOU Zhihong1, SU Jianping1, LIU Jian2, XUE Yaguang2()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Rugao City, Rugao, Jiangsu 226500
    2 Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City/Institute of Agricultural Science along Yangtze River in Jiangsu, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002
  • Received:2023-01-29 Revised:2023-04-08 Published-:2024-01-10 Online:2024-01-10

摘要:

旨在探讨减氮和侧深基施缓混肥对水稻产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响,本研究以当地主推粳稻‘南粳5055’为材料,设置不施氮肥(0N)、当地常规施肥(CK)、一次性侧深基施缓混肥(S1)、侧深基施缓混肥+追施速效氮肥(S2) 4个处理,分别在如皋市东陈镇和白蒲镇两地的水稻田开展试验。两地的试验结果均表明:与CK相比,在减氮25%情况下,S1和S2均明显改善了稻米的外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,但两者的水稻产量和总吸氮量均有所降低,平均分别减少了5.12%、1.27%和9.53%、2.77%。其中S1明显减产主要由于每穗粒数的显著降低,而S2则与CK无显著差异。另外,S2也较CK显著提高了氮肥的吸收利用率、农学效率和偏生产力。表明在氮肥大幅减少的情况下,采用侧深基施缓混肥+追施速效氮肥更有利于实现水稻的绿色优质高效生产。

关键词: 水稻, 减氮, 侧深施缓混肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To study the effects of nitrogen reduction and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen absorption and utilization, local japonica rice cultivar ‘Nanjing 5055’ was selected as the material, four treatments were set up in paddy fields, including no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), local conventional fertilizer (CK), one-time side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer (S1) and side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer and top application of available nitrogen fertilizer (S2), the experiments were carried out in Dongchen Town and Baipu Town of Rugao City, respectively. Meanwhile, the total nitrogen fertilizer rate of S1 and S2 were both reduced by 25% than CK. The results of two experimental locations showed that both S1 and S2 could improve the appearance, cooking and eating quality of rice compared with CK, but the grain yield and total nitrogen uptake were reduced by an average of 5.12%, 1.27% and 9.53%, 2.77%, respectively. The grain yield of S1 was significantly decreased due to a significant reduction in its spikelets per panicle, while there was no significant difference between S2 and CK. Besides, the recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer were all greatly increased under S2. Our results indicate that, when the total nitrogen fertilizer rate is drastically reduced, it is more beneficial to realizing green, high quality and efficient production of rice by applying the pattern of S2.

Key words: rice, nitrogen reduction, side deep application of controlled-release blend fertilizer, yield, quality