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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (34): 56-62.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0138

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

南宁市快速环道分车带5种绿化灌木的叶片结构及其环境适应性

刘资华1(), 余玉珠1, 李秋荔1, 刘云2(), 朱栗琼2,3(), 王萱2   

  1. 1 广西国有钦廉林场，广西钦州 535099
    2 广西农业职业技术大学，南宁 530007
    3 广西大学，南宁 530004
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-29 修回日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2024-12-05 发布日期:2024-12-03
  • 通讯作者:
    刘云，女，1981年出生，河南人，副教授，硕士，研究方向是植物资源与应用。通信地址：530007 广西南宁市大学东路167号 广西农业技术大学，E-mail：。
    朱栗琼，女，1969年出生，广西恭城人，教授，硕士，研究方向是植物发育生物学与生理生态研究。通信地址：530007 广西南宁市大学东路167号 广西农业职业技术大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘资华，男，1979年出生，广西武宣人，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向是林业经营管理与技术推广。通信地址：535099 广西钦州市南珠东大街559号 广西国有钦廉林场，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广西林业局广西林业科技推广示范项目“桉树林下木本芳香植物的收集与筛选”(桂林科研[2022]第1号); 广西国有钦廉林场科研项目“木本香花植物资源收集研究和示范”(BB33600230)

Leaf Structure of Five Shrubs in Road Dividing Strip Habitats of Nanning City and Its Environmental Adaptability

LIU Zihua1(), YU Yuzhu1, LI Qiuli1, LIU Yun2(), ZHU Liqiong2,3(), WANG Xuan2   

  1. 1 Guangxi State-owned Qinlian Forest Farm, Qinzhou, Guangxi 535099
    2 Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, Nanning 530007
    3 Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
  • Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-08-12 Published:2024-12-05 Online:2024-12-03

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摘要：

研究植物对城市快速环道分车带特殊生境的适应策略，为选择适宜的道路绿化植物提供参考。采用离析、石蜡切片等方法研究生长在南宁市快速环道分车带的黄蝉、黄金榕、黄素梅、龙船花和灰莉的叶片解剖结构，通过对叶片厚度、主脉厚度和气孔密度等12个数量指标的测定，运用多重比较和主成分分析法统计和分析植物叶片对特殊环境的适应特点。结果表明：（1）5种植物均为异面叶，叶片由表皮、叶肉和叶脉组成，气孔仅分布于下表皮。（2）气孔密度、叶片和海绵组织厚度3个指标在所有植物间差异极显著，其他指标也呈现出不同程度的差异性，表明不同植物的适应策略有差异；灰莉6个极大值和2个次大值显示出其显著的适应能力；占有8个最小值的黄素梅则以最大气孔密度和较紧密的叶肉组织来应对不利条件；黄金榕以独特的“复表皮”形式使其上、下表皮达到最大值，同时以最小气孔密度来减少消耗；黄蝉以最厚的角质层来防止叶面蒸腾过量；龙船花则用较厚的角质层和较大的叶肉紧密度等降低自身的损耗。综合比较，5种绿化灌木对快速分车带的环境适应性综合排序为灰莉>龙船花>黄金榕>黄蝉>黄素梅，灰莉极具抗旱能力，适宜在城市快速环道、高速路等类似或者更为恶劣的环境中推广应用。

关键词: 叶片结构, 生态适应性, 绿化灌木, 道路分车带, 南宁市

Abstract:

In order to understand the adaptation strategy of plants to the special habitat of urban expressway, the leaf anatomical structure of five shrubs, which are Allamanda schottii, Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’, Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora chinensis and Fagraea ceilanica, growing in road dividing strip of Nanning City was studied using isolation and paraffin section. By measuring or calculating 12 quantitative indexes such as leaf thickness, main vein thickness and stomatal density, the adaptive characteristics of various plant leaves to special environment were further analyzed by using multiple comparison and principal component analysis. The results showed that: (1) all five plants had heterophyllous leaves, which were composed of epidermis, mesophyll and veins, and stomata were only distributed in the lower epidermis. (2) The stomatal density, leaf and sponge tissue thickness were significantly different among all plants, and other indicators were also different in different degrees, indicating that the adaptation strategies of different plants were different: the six maxima and two sub-maxima of Fagraea ceilanica showed their remarkable adaptability. However, Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’, which had eight minima, responded to unfavorable conditions with the maximum stomatal density and tight mesophyll tissue. The unique “compound epidermis” form of Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’ made the upper and lower epidermis reach the maximum, and at the same time reduces the consumption with the minimum stomatal density. The thickest cuticle in Allamanda schottii was used to prevent excessive transpiration on the leaves, while the thicker cuticle and greater mesophyll compactness were used to reduce its own consumption in Ixora chinensis. (3) The comprehensive order of environmental adaptability of five greening shrubs to the road dividing strip were as follows: Fagraea ceilanica> Ixora chinensis> Ficus microcarpa ‘Golden Leaves’> Allamanda schottii> Duranta erecta ‘Golden Leaves’.

Key words: leaf structure, ecological adaptability, greening shrubs, road dividing strip, Nanning City