‘苏帅’苹果表观遗传变异分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]为探索杂交品种‘苏帅’表观优良性状遗传的生理机制。[方法]以杂交品种‘苏帅’和父本‘金冠’、母本‘印度’为材料, 通过分析 ‘苏帅’和‘金冠’、‘印度’等苹果品种的节间数、节间长度以及叶片内源激素、果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、叶绿素的含量; 采用石蜡切片法、扫描电镜等方法比较其叶片结构, 测定了叶片光合气体交换参数。[结果]结果表明, ‘金冠’和‘印度’的节间长度显著大于‘苏帅’苹果的节间长度,‘苏帅’苹果叶片叶绿素相对含量显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’; 果实可溶性固形物含量与‘金冠’虽然没有显著性差异, 但可滴定酸的含量明显高于‘金冠’苹果; ‘苏帅’苹果内源激素脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA)、吲哚－3－乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)与‘金冠’和‘印度’相比均呈显著差异。‘苏帅’苹果叶片下表皮气孔长度大于‘印度’, 且差异极显著，但小于‘金冠’，气孔宽度显著宽于‘印度’，与‘金冠’苹果没有明显差异, ‘苏帅’苹果气孔密度极显著小于‘金冠’和‘印度’；‘金冠’和‘印度’栅栏细胞组织排列较紧密, 栅栏组织和海绵组织分界限明显，而‘苏帅’苹果的栅栏组织细胞排列相对杂乱，细胞大小也不一致, 与海绵组织界限不明显; ‘苏帅’苹果叶片、上下表皮、栅栏组织及海绵组织厚度显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’，栅栏组织和海绵组织比值也显著高于‘金冠’和‘印度’。[结论] ‘苏帅’苹果与父母本相比表现出节间短、叶片变厚、光合作用增强等性状多样性, 为苹果生产提供了新品种，也为苹果新品种的培育提供了珍贵的种质资源。

关键词: 丹参, 丹参, 分子标记, 种质资源, 应用

Abstract: This research provides a theoretic foundation for the further study on the desirable qualities?of ‘Su Shuai’. [methods] The hybrid?‘Su Shuai’, its male parent ‘Golden Delicious’ and female parent‘Indo’ were measured of the number and length of internodes, chlorophyll contents, fruits soluble solids and titrable?acids?contents, along with endogenous hormone contents in leaf. The paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy technology were employed to compare leaf structure of ‘Su Shuai’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’. Moreover, parameters of photosynthetic gas exchange were also been studied. [Results]The internodes of ‘Su Shuai’ were significantly shorter than those of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’ in length, while the relative chlorophyll amount of which was significant higher than its parents. The titrable?acids?contents of ‘Su Shuai’ were significantly higher than ‘Golden Delicious’ while there is no significant difference of soluble solids between these two. The endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), indole 3 acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) contents of ‘Su Shuai’ were all difference compared with ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’.The under the skin stomatal?of ‘Su Shuai’ was smaller than ‘Golden Delicious’ while higher than ‘Indo’ in length, with P>0. 01. The stomatal width of ‘Su Shuai’ is significant higher than that of ‘Indo’ and shows no significant difference with ‘Golden Delicious’. The stomatal density of ‘Su Shuai’ is higher than its parents with significant difference. The palisade tissue cells of ‘Su Shuai’ were inconsistent?in size, and were arranged in a relative messy with no obvious boundaries of sponge tissue. As for ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Indo’, the cells of palisade tissue set?close, neatly?arranged and has obvious boundaries with sponge tissue. For ‘Su Shuai’, the total thickness, on and under skins, palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness and the ratio of palisade and spongy tissue of leaves were significantly higher than those of ''Golden Delicious'' and'' Indo''. [Conclusion] The diversity in traits that apple species ‘Su Shuai’ shows compared with its parents, provides Germplasm Resources to breeding of new apple cultivar.

蒋梦婷,渠慎春. ‘苏帅’苹果表观遗传变异分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(7): 58-64.

蒋梦婷 and . Analysis of Physiological Genetic Variation of Apple Hybrid Variety‘Sushuai’[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2018, 34(7): 58-64.

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