简化基因组测序技术在植物遗传分析中的应用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0380

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

简化基因组测序(Reduced-representation Genome Sequencing,RRGS)是在二代测序的基础上发展起来的一种基于酶切手段对特定区域进行测序从而降低基因组复杂度的技术。此方法步骤简单,成本低廉,且不依赖参考基因组,便可获得全基因组水平的分子标记。本文总结了简化基因组测序的发展历程及其主要技术种类,归纳了简化基因组测序技术在植物遗传图谱构建、数量性状位点定位及群体遗传学分析等方面的应用价值。同时,提出了简化基因组目前在群体遗传学等分析中存在的缺陷及不足,以期为植物在遗传进化,性状定位等方面的研究手段提供参考。

关键词: 简化基因组, 分子标记, 遗传图谱, 数量性状基因座, 群体遗传

Abstract:

Reduced-representation Genome Sequencing (RRGS) is a technology developed on the basis of next-generation sequencing to sequence specific regions based on enzyme digestion to reduce the complexity of the genome. This methodological step is simple, low cost, independent of the reference genome, and enables molecular markers at the genome-wide level. This paper summarizes the development process and main technical types of RRGS, and sums up the application of RRGS in plant genetic map construction, quantitative trait locus mapping, and population genetic analysis. At the same time, the defects and deficiencies in the analysis of population genetics by RRGS are put forward, in order to provide reference for the research methods of plant genetic evolution, trait mapping, and etc.

Key words: reduced-representation genome sequencing, molecular marker, genetic map, quantitative trait locus, population genetics

中图分类号:

S184

董雨青, 魏雪苹, 强亭燕, 张本刚, 齐耀东, 刘海涛. 简化基因组测序技术在植物遗传分析中的应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(8): 25-32.

DONG Yuqing, WEI Xueping, QIANG Tingyan, ZHANG Bengang, QI Yaodong, LIU Haitao. The Reduced-representation Genome Sequencing Technology: Application in Plant Genetic Analysis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(8): 25-32.

图/表 2

参考文献 72

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物种	酶切技术	标记位点数目	遗传图谱			QTL 定位	群体遗传		参考文献
物种	酶切技术	标记位点数目	连锁群数量	图谱总长	平均遗传距离	QTL 定位	居群/个体/亚群数目	研究地区	参考文献
油棕	RAD	10023	16	2938.2	0.29				[57]
山楂	RAD	6384	17	2470.02	0.41	果实农艺性状			[59]
紫苜蓿	RAD	4346	32	父本3455 母本 4381	父本3.00 母本1.32	产量相关性状			[60]
李	GBS	1441	8	617	0.96				[61]
丹参	SLAF	5164	8	1516.43	0.29				[62]
芝麻	SLAF	2159	13	2128.51	0.99	种子相关性状			[64]
大豆	SLAF	5785	20	2255.18	0.43	异黄酮含量			[65]
茶树	2b-RAD	4217	15	1678.52	0.40	类黄酮及咖啡因含量			[66]
苦瓜	GBS	2013	20	2329.2	1.16	雌蕊数、性别比、节数和初花日			[67]
铁皮石斛	SLAF	8573	19	2737.49	0.32	茎总多糖含量			[68]
紫苏	GBS	2518	10	1309.39	0.56	花期相关性状			[69]
西藏报春	RAD	8930					16/293/4	青藏高原地区	[70]
甘薯	RAD	97010					/81/5	中国、美国、日本、澳大利亚、坦桑尼亚	[71]
大黄	SLAF	5256					46/218/5	横断山区及毗邻地区	[72]

物种	酶切技术	标记位点数目	遗传图谱			QTL 定位	群体遗传		参考文献
物种	酶切技术	标记位点数目	连锁群数量	图谱总长	平均遗传距离	QTL 定位	居群/个体/亚群数目	研究地区	参考文献
油棕	RAD	10023	16	2938.2	0.29				[57]
山楂	RAD	6384	17	2470.02	0.41	果实农艺性状			[59]
紫苜蓿	RAD	4346	32	父本3455 母本 4381	父本3.00 母本1.32	产量相关性状			[60]
李	GBS	1441	8	617	0.96				[61]
丹参	SLAF	5164	8	1516.43	0.29				[62]
芝麻	SLAF	2159	13	2128.51	0.99	种子相关性状			[64]
大豆	SLAF	5785	20	2255.18	0.43	异黄酮含量			[65]
茶树	2b-RAD	4217	15	1678.52	0.40	类黄酮及咖啡因含量			[66]
苦瓜	GBS	2013	20	2329.2	1.16	雌蕊数、性别比、节数和初花日			[67]
铁皮石斛	SLAF	8573	19	2737.49	0.32	茎总多糖含量			[68]
紫苏	GBS	2518	10	1309.39	0.56	花期相关性状			[69]
西藏报春	RAD	8930					16/293/4	青藏高原地区	[70]
甘薯	RAD	97010					/81/5	中国、美国、日本、澳大利亚、坦桑尼亚	[71]
大黄	SLAF	5256					46/218/5	横断山区及毗邻地区	[72]