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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 91-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040059

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生境下‘金冠’苹果叶片性状及解剖特征比较研究

谢红江,陶 炼,杨文渊,涂美艳,陈 栋,刘 伟   

  1. 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川省农业科学院园艺研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-11 修回日期:2016-08-09 接受日期:2016-08-22 出版日期:2017-03-02 发布日期:2017-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 谢红江
  • 基金资助:
    国家苹果产业技术体系川西高原综合试验站(CARS-28);四川省财政现代农业技术创新与示范专项“川西高原不同生态区金冠苹果光合 特性与叶片解剖结构研究”(2014CXSF-016)。

A Comparative Study on Leaf Traits and Anatomical Structures of‘Gold Delicious’Apple Collected from Different Habitats

  • Received:2016-04-11 Revised:2016-08-09 Accepted:2016-08-22 Online:2017-03-02 Published:2017-03-02

摘要: 以茂县(Ⅰ区)、盐源(Ⅱ区)、林芝地区(Ⅲ区)的‘金冠’苹果叶片为试材,采用石蜡切片、扫描电镜测定3 种不同生境下叶形态参数、叶片解剖结构参数及叶表皮结构参数等相关指标,从而探讨不同生境下(1950 ~2900 m)苹果叶片表皮及生态解剖特征对环境变化的响应与适应。结果表明:3 个生境‘金冠’叶片长、宽、叶面积变化趋势一致,Ⅰ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅲ区,而片叶厚度变化趋势刚好相反(Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区)。‘金冠’叶片为异面叶,上、下表皮均由一层细胞构成,栅栏组织、海绵组织界限明显,且栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度均以Ⅲ区最大,Ⅱ区居中,Ⅰ区最小,栅/海比0.95~1.28,Ⅱ区叶片栅/海比最大(1.28)。气孔及表皮毛分布于叶片下表皮,气孔器面积以Ⅱ区最大(428.44 mm2),Ⅲ区次之(337.32 mm2),Ⅰ区最小(314.05 mm2),而气孔器密度最大的是Ⅰ区(397.67 个/mm2),其次为Ⅲ区(389 个/mm2),密度最低的是Ⅱ区(332.67 个/mm2)。Ⅰ区表皮毛较为密集,平均密度为20.67 个/mm2,而Ⅲ区(9.67 个/mm2)及Ⅱ区(8.33个/mm2)密度则较为稀疏,气孔处于相对开放的体系中。

关键词: 多效唑, 多效唑, 烟苗, 农艺性状, 生理特性

Abstract: "Golden Delicious" apple leaves were used as material in Maoxian(Ⅰ), Yanyuan(Ⅱ) and Nyingchi (Ⅲ), the morphometric parameter, anatomical parameter and epidermal parameter were carried out by paraffin section and scanning electron microscope to study epidermal features, anatomical features and their response and adaptation to different habitats. The results showed that: The variation trend was consistent for leaf length , leaf width and leaf area, the trend was Yanyuan(Ⅱ) > Maoxian(Ⅰ)> Nyingchi (Ⅲ), the thickness of leaf showed a contrary tendency, the trend was Nyingchi (Ⅲ) > Maoxian(Ⅰ) > Yanyuan(Ⅱ); "Golden Delicious" apple leaf was bifacial leaf and the upper and lower epidermis composed of a layer of cells, there was clear difference between the palisade tissue and spongy tissue, and the thickness of leaf, palisade tissue and spongy tissue was biggest in Nyingchi (Ⅲ), followed by Yanyuan(Ⅱ), The minimμm thickness was in Maoxian(Ⅰ), the P/S ranged from 0.95 to 1.28, the P/S of leaf in Yanyuan(Ⅱ) was largest(1.28); Stomatas and epidermal hairs distributed in lower epidermis, The stomatal apparatus area was largest in Yanyuan(Ⅱ) (428.44 mm2), followed by Nyingchi (Ⅲ) (337.32mm2), The minimμm was in Maoxian(Ⅰ) (314.05mm2), the stomata density was maximμm in Maoxian(Ⅰ) (397.67.mm-2), followed by Nyingchi (Ⅲ) (389.mm-2), The minimμm was in Yanyuan(Ⅱ)( 332.67.mm-2 ); The epidermal hairs in Maoxian(Ⅰ) was more intensive at a average epidermal hairs of 20.67 per cubic millimeter, The epidermal hairs in Nyingchi (Ⅲ) and Yanyuan(Ⅱ) were relatively sparse, the stomatas were in a relatively open system.