猪粪沼液施用量对水稻农艺性状和青贮品质的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为就地消纳猪场养殖废弃物沼液,降低环境污染,本试验研究了不同沼液施用量对水稻的农艺性状和青贮品质的影响。设计了常规化肥(CF)、空白对照组(CK)和17个N2~N48不同沼液氮水平施肥组,共19个组。随着沼液施用量的增加,水稻分蘖数有显著增大,生物量呈先增加后降低的趋势,N8施肥组生物量最高。青贮稻的质地、色泽和气味总体评分随着沼液施用量的增大呈先增加后降低的趋势。当沼液施用量超过N240%替代氮肥时,青贮稻的pH有显著升高(P<0.05)。与CF和CK相比,沼液N2~N8施肥组中性洗涤纤维略有降低(P>0.05),但沼液N14、N16、N20、N28、N32、N36、N40和N48施肥组NDF有显著的升高(P<0.05)。不同沼液施肥组靑贮稻的可溶性糖、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白和粗纤维与CF相比均无显著变化。与CF相比,沼液N2~N24（除N14）处理组青贮稻的粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),但在沼液氮肥(N280%~N480%)超量施用时,粗灰分含量明显降低(P<0.05)。猪粪沼液肥替代化肥有助于提高水稻的生物量,改善青贮饲用品质,但不宜超量施用。

关键词: 猪粪沼液, 水稻, 农艺性状, 青贮品质

Abstract:

In order to consume the biogas slurry of stock raising waste on site, reduce environmental pollution, the effect of biogas slurry application amount on rice agronomic traits and silage quality were studied. 17 biogas slurry fertilization levels of N2-N48, as well as conventional fertilizer (CF) application and blank control (CK) were designed. With the increase of biogas slurry application amount, the tillering number of rice increased significantly, and the biomass of rice increased first and then decreased, and the biomass of N8 fertilization group was the highest. The overall score of texture, color and smell of silage rice first increased and then decreased with the increase of biogas slurry application amount. When biogas slurry application amount exceeded N240% replacing nitrogen fertilizer, the pH of silage rice significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with that of CF and CK, neutral detergent fiber in biogas slurry N2-N8 fertilization groups slightly decreased (P>0.05), but NDF in biogas slurry N14, N16, N20, N28, N32, N36, N40 and N48 groups significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant change in soluble sugar, acid detergent fiber, crude protein and crude fiber in different biogas slurry application groups compared with those of CF. Compared with that of CF, the crude ash content of silage rice in biogas slurry N2-N24 (except N14) groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), but when excessive biogas slurry (N280%-N480% replacing nitrogen fertilizer) were applied, the crude ash content significantly decreased (P<0.05). Replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry is helpful to increase the biomass of rice and improve the quality of silage, but it should not be applied in excess.

Key words: biogas slurry from pig manure, rice, agronomic trait, silage quality

中图分类号:

S511.21

侯福银, 杨智青, 金崇富, 时凯, 安晨, 陈长宽. 猪粪沼液施用量对水稻农艺性状和青贮品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(20): 124-131.

HOU Fuyin, YANG Zhiqing, JIN Chongfu, SHI Kai, AN Chen, CHEN Changkuan. Effects of Application Amount of Biogas Slurry from Pig Manure on Agronomic Traits and Silage Quality of Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(20): 124-131.

图/表 9

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处理	基肥		分蘖肥	孕穗肥	总沼液施用量/L	氮肥比例/%
处理	沼液用量/L	尿素/g	沼液用量/L	沼液用量/L	总沼液施用量/L	氮肥比例/%
CF	——	312.9	——	——	——	——
CK	——	——	——	——	——	——
N2	24.4	——	21.4	15.3	61	20%
N4	48.8	——	42.7	30.5	122	40%
N6	73.2	——	64.1	45.8	183	60%
N8	97.6	——	85.4	61.0	244	80%
N10	122.0	——	106.8	76.3	305	100%
N12	146.4	——	128.1	91.5	366	120%
N14	170.8	——	149.5	106.8	427	140%
N16	195.2	——	170.8	122.0	488	160%
N18	219.6	——	192.2	137.3	549	180%
N20	244.0	——	213.5	152.5	610	200%
N24	292.8	——	256.2	183.0	732	240%
N28	341.6	——	298.9	213.5	854	280%
N32	390.4	——	341.6	244.0	976	320%
N36	439.2	——	384.3	274.5	1098	360%
N40	488.0	——	427.0	305.0	1220	400%
N44	536.8	——	469.7	335.5	1342	440%
N48	585.6	——	512.4	366.0	1464	480%

处理	基肥		分蘖肥	孕穗肥	总沼液施用量/L	氮肥比例/%
处理	沼液用量/L	尿素/g	沼液用量/L	沼液用量/L	总沼液施用量/L	氮肥比例/%
CF	——	312.9	——	——	——	——
CK	——	——	——	——	——	——
N2	24.4	——	21.4	15.3	61	20%
N4	48.8	——	42.7	30.5	122	40%
N6	73.2	——	64.1	45.8	183	60%
N8	97.6	——	85.4	61.0	244	80%
N10	122.0	——	106.8	76.3	305	100%
N12	146.4	——	128.1	91.5	366	120%
N14	170.8	——	149.5	106.8	427	140%
N16	195.2	——	170.8	122.0	488	160%
N18	219.6	——	192.2	137.3	549	180%
N20	244.0	——	213.5	152.5	610	200%
N24	292.8	——	256.2	183.0	732	240%
N28	341.6	——	298.9	213.5	854	280%
N32	390.4	——	341.6	244.0	976	320%
N36	439.2	——	384.3	274.5	1098	360%
N40	488.0	——	427.0	305.0	1220	400%
N44	536.8	——	469.7	335.5	1342	440%
N48	585.6	——	512.4	366.0	1464	480%

处理	株高/cm	分蘖数/个			干物质/%
CF	102.45 ±6.35a	12.11±2.57de			25.99±2.03cd
CK	106.87 ±5.26a	10.89 ±2.93e			29.50±1.03abc
N2	103.47 ±4.21a	12.67 ±2.29de			29.09±1.73abcd
N4	106.03 ±8.95a	13.11 ±3.33de			25.24±1.48d
N6	105.53 ±1.91a	16.56 ±4.98abcd			26.81±0.42abcd
N8	106.87 ±5.52a	14.22 ±3.31cde			27.14±0.89abcd
N10	110.90 ±5.55a	19.33 ±6.54ab			25.65±3.38cd
N12	101.60± 4.25a	15.78 ±4.99bcd			27.00±3.80abcd
N14	108.93 ±2.35a	12.89 ±3.10de			28.05±0.71abcd
N16	101.13 ±6.80a		15.22 ±2.91bcde	26.21±3.64bcd
N18	102.30 ±4.88a		17.89 ±5.64abc	27.75±1.95abcd
N20	104.27 ±6.40a		16.56 ±3.28abcd	30.20±1.24a
N24	101.47 ±1.72a		16.44 ±4.16abcd	29.09±1.41abcd
N28	104.50 ±7.85a		21.00 ±7.31a	29.23±1.42abc
N32	103.93 ±3.42a		15.78 ±3.49bcd	28.81±1.96abcd
N36	98.80 ±13.71a		18.89 ±4.04abc	28.41±2.33abcd
N40	98.57 ±9.29a		15.89 ±5.90bcd	29.94±0.71ab
N44	102.07 ±5.73a		16.56 ±3.57abcd	29.34±1.21abc
N48	87.80± 3.00b		19.00 ±2.65abc	29.11±1.49abcd

处理	株高/cm	分蘖数/个			干物质/%
CF	102.45 ±6.35a	12.11±2.57de			25.99±2.03cd
CK	106.87 ±5.26a	10.89 ±2.93e			29.50±1.03abc
N2	103.47 ±4.21a	12.67 ±2.29de			29.09±1.73abcd
N4	106.03 ±8.95a	13.11 ±3.33de			25.24±1.48d
N6	105.53 ±1.91a	16.56 ±4.98abcd			26.81±0.42abcd
N8	106.87 ±5.52a	14.22 ±3.31cde			27.14±0.89abcd
N10	110.90 ±5.55a	19.33 ±6.54ab			25.65±3.38cd
N12	101.60± 4.25a	15.78 ±4.99bcd			27.00±3.80abcd
N14	108.93 ±2.35a	12.89 ±3.10de			28.05±0.71abcd
N16	101.13 ±6.80a		15.22 ±2.91bcde	26.21±3.64bcd
N18	102.30 ±4.88a		17.89 ±5.64abc	27.75±1.95abcd
N20	104.27 ±6.40a		16.56 ±3.28abcd	30.20±1.24a
N24	101.47 ±1.72a		16.44 ±4.16abcd	29.09±1.41abcd
N28	104.50 ±7.85a		21.00 ±7.31a	29.23±1.42abc
N32	103.93 ±3.42a		15.78 ±3.49bcd	28.81±1.96abcd
N36	98.80 ±13.71a		18.89 ±4.04abc	28.41±2.33abcd
N40	98.57 ±9.29a		15.89 ±5.90bcd	29.94±0.71ab
N44	102.07 ±5.73a		16.56 ±3.57abcd	29.34±1.21abc
N48	87.80± 3.00b		19.00 ±2.65abc	29.11±1.49abcd

处理	质地	色泽	气味
CF	5.67±1.15b	10.67±1.15ab	14.67±5.77ab
CK	5.67±1.15b	10.33±1.53abc	18.33±0.58a
N2	5.67±0.58b	11.33±1.15a	18.33±0.58a
N4	6.00±0.00ab	11.33±1.15a	17.33±1.15a
N6	7.33±0.58 ab	11.33±1.15a	17.33±1.15a
N8	6.67±0.58 ab	10.33±2.89abc	17.33±1.15a
N10	7.33±0.58 ab	10.33±2.89abc	17.33±1.15a
N12	7.00±1.00 ab	7.67±4.04abc	14.00±5.29ab
N14	7.00±1.00 ab	6.00±1.73b	18.33±0.58a
N16	6.67±1.15 ab	7.67±4.04abc	14.00±5.29ab
N18	7.33±0.58 ab	6.00±1.73b	14.67±5.77 ab
N20	6.67±0.58 ab	8.67±2.89abc	15.33±4.62 ab
N24	7.67±0.58a	10.33±2.89abc	12.00±4.00 ab
N28	6.67±1.53 ab	7.00±3.00abc	11.33±5.77 ab
N32	7.33±0.58 ab	6.67±0.58bc	14.67±5.77 ab
N36	7.00±1.00 ab	6.00±1.73b	12.67±5.03 ab
N40	6.67±1.53 ab	8.00±1.73abc	17.33±1.15 a
N44	6.33±1.15 ab	6.67±0.58bc	14.67±5.77 ab
N48	7.00±0.00 ab	6.33±2.08bc	8.00±0.00b