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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (29): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0261

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

椰糠覆盖对小麦产量、盐碱地土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构的影响

颜栋1(), 张军强2, 钟月华1, 冯冰1, 吴华山1, 马洪波1,3()   

  1. 1 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（滨海盐碱地）重点实验室， 南京 210014
    2 恩施土家族苗族自治州农业农村局， 湖北恩施 445000
    3 江苏省农村专业技术协会， 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 通讯作者:
    马洪波，男，1983年出生，黑龙江铁力人，副研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤肥力与植物营养研究。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    颜栋，男，1989年出生，江苏兴化人，研究实习员，硕士，主要从事土壤肥力与农业生态研究。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区钟灵街50号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    现代农业—重点及面上项目“江苏黄河故道沿线中低产田耕地质量提升关键技术集成与示范”(BE2021378); 国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10)

Effects of Coconut Coir Mulching on Wheat Yield, Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Structure of Saline Alkali Soil

YAN Dong1(), ZHANG Junqiang2, ZHONG Yuehua1, FENG Bing1, Wu Huashan1, MA Hongbo1,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
    2 Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei 445000
    3 Jiangsu Rural Professional Technique Association, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2025-03-25 Revised:2025-08-19 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-22

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摘要：

为研究盐碱地环境下椰糠覆盖对小麦生长、土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落结构的影响，本研究以‘扬麦29’为研究材料，采用盐碱土田间试验，设置空白对照（不施肥，水稻秸秆离田）、常规对照[基施复合肥(15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2，拔节期追施尿素300 kg/hm2，水稻秸秆离田]、水稻秸秆覆盖[基施复合肥(15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2，拔节肥尿素300 kg/hm2，水稻秸秆覆盖厚度2 cm]、椰糠覆盖[基施复合肥(15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2，拔节肥尿素300 kg/hm2，椰糠覆盖厚度2 cm] 4个处理。研究表明：椰糠覆盖能够显著减少盐碱土土壤水分蒸发，从而降低土壤盐分表层聚集，显著增加碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质等土壤养分含量，其中土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别较常规对照提高4.44%、2.26%、1.22%和4.51%，同时显著改善土壤结构，相较于常规对照处理，椰糠覆盖处理下显著提高小麦的出苗率(31.57%)和产量(11.54%)，表现出显著的控碱抑盐的效果。此外，椰糠覆盖处理改变了土壤细菌群落结构，显著增加了具有固氮功能的植物生长促生菌的丰度(GPA)，减少部分可能参与反硝化等过程的功能细菌类群(FBA，CTA)的丰度，从而潜在地提高了土壤的固氮能力。综上，椰糠覆盖是一种有效改良盐碱土、促进小麦增产的可行农业措施，具有重要的应用前景。

关键词: 小麦生长, 盐碱地改良, 椰糠覆盖, 土壤理化性质, 微生物多样性

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of coconut coir mulching on wheat growth, soil physical and chemical properties, and bacterial community structure in saline-alkali environments, aiming to provide theoretical and technical support for wheat cultivation under such conditions. Using ‘Yangmai 29’ as the test material, a field experiment was conducted with four treatments, including blank control (no fertilization, rice straw removed from the field), conventional control [base application of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2, jointing fertilizer urea 300 kg/hm2, rice straw removed from the field], straw cover [base application of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2, jointing fertilizer urea 300 kg/hm2, rice straw cover thickness 2 cm], and coconut coir cover [base application of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) 600 kg/hm2, jointing fertilizer urea 300 kg/hm2, coconut coir cover thickness 2 cm]. The effects of coconut coir mulching on wheat yield, soil physical chemical properties, and soil bacterial community structure were analyzed. The results demonstrated that coconut coir mulching significantly reduced soil water evaporation, thereby mitigating surface salt accumulation. It enhanced soil nutrient availability and organic matter content, and the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were 4.44%, 2.26%, 1.22% and 4.51% higher than those of the conventional control, respectively. At the same time, the soil structure was significantly improved. Compared with the conventional control treatment, the emergence rate (31.57%) and yield (11.54 %) of wheat were significantly increased under coir mulching treatment, showing a significant effect of controlling alkali and inhibiting salt. In addition, the coconut coir mulching treatment changed the soil bacterial community structure, significantly increased the abundance of plant growth promoting bacteria (GPA) with nitrogen fixation function, and reduced the abundance of some functional bacterial groups (FBA, CTA) that may be involved in denitrification and other processes, thus potentially improving the nitrogen fixation capacity of the soil. In summary, coconut coir mulching is a feasible agricultural measure to effectively improve saline-alkali soil and promote wheat yield, and has important application prospects.

Key words: wheat growth, improvement of saline-alkali land, coconut coir mulching, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity