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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (31): 7-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0380

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫椴研究进展

林士杰1(), 王梓默1, 朱红波2, 王聪慧3, 勾天兵1, 韩姣1, 何怀江1   

  1. 1 吉林省林业科学研究院(吉林省林业生物防治中心站),长春 130033
    2 吉林省林业调查规划院,长春 130022
    3 吉林省林木种苗管理站,长春 130000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13 修回日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2025-11-05 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 作者简介:

    林士杰,女,1979年出生,吉林长春人,研究员,硕士,主要从事林木遗传育种方面的研究。通信地址:130033 吉林省长春市临河街浦东路3528号 吉林省林业科学研究院(吉林省林业生物防治中心站),Tel:0431-85850424,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技发展计划项目“珍稀树种紫椴优良种质复幼及规模化培育关键核心技术研发创新团队”(20250601059RC)

Research Progress of Tilia amurensis

LIN Shijie1(), WANG Zimo1, ZHU Hongbo2, WANG Conghui3, GOU Tianbing1, HAN Jiao1, HE Huaijiang1   

  1. 1 Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences (Jilin Forestry Biological Control Central Station), Changchun 130033
    2 Institute of Forestry Inventory and Planning of Jilin Province, Changchun 130022
    3 Jilin Provincial Forest Seedling Management Station, Changchun 130000
  • Received:2025-05-13 Revised:2025-09-26 Published:2025-11-05 Online:2025-11-07

摘要:

为系统梳理紫椴研究脉络、深化对其资源特性的认知,并推动紫椴资源的科学保护与高效利用,本文从生理学、生态学、遗传改良和繁育技术4个核心领域,全面综述了近年来紫椴的研究进展。在生理学研究方面,分析了低温胁迫、盐胁迫、施肥管理及光照强度调控对紫椴叶片渗透调节物质、光合生理指标等关键生理特性的影响机制;在生态学研究方面,阐述了混交造林模式、立地因子(坡度、坡向、土壤厚度等)对紫椴生长动态的作用规律,以及间伐强度对紫椴林分木材材质(生长轮密度、力学强度等)的调控效应。遗传改良研究部分,归纳了紫椴种源筛选、种子园营建(含“加密式”定植、“双向逆行网眼式错位法”配置等关键技术)、优良家系与优良无性系筛选的最新成果;繁育技术研究部分,详细总结了紫椴种子繁殖(种子休眠解除方法、播种密度优化)、嫁接繁殖(最佳嫁接时间与方法筛选)、扦插繁殖(基质与激素组合优化)及组织培养(不同培养基配方与外植体选择)的技术参数与应用效果。最后,结合当前研究现状与生产需求,提出未来紫椴研究应聚焦4个方向:(1)加强紫椴种质资源的系统性收集、评价与长效保存;(2)研发紫椴营养器官(如腋芽、茎段)组培快繁技术体系并推进产业化应用;(3)拓展紫椴作为城市绿化树种的选育(以树形、叶色等绿化指标为育种目标)与推广应用;(4)深化紫椴药用活性成分(如黄酮类物质)的分离纯化、药理机制研究及相关药物研发,为紫椴资源的多功能开发提供科学支撑。

关键词: 紫椴, 低温胁迫, 光照强度, 立地因子, 间伐强度, 遗传改良, 扦插, 组织培养

Abstract:

To systematically sort out the research context of Tilia amurensis, deepen the understanding of its resource characteristics, and promote the scientific protection and efficient utilization of its resources, this paper comprehensively reviews the research progress of T. amurensis in the past few years from four core fields: physiology, ecology, genetic improvement, and propagation technology. In terms of physiological research, the influence mechanisms of low-temperature stress, salt stress, fertilization management, and light intensity regulation on key physiological characteristics such as osmotic adjustment substances and photosynthetic physiological indicators of T. amurensis leaves were analyzed. In ecological research, the action laws of mixed forestation models and site factors (such as slope, aspect, and soil thickness) on the growth dynamics of T. amurensis, as well as the regulation effects of thinning intensity on the wood quality (such as growth ring density and mechanical strength) of T. amurensis stands were expounded. In the genetic improvement research section, the latest achievements in T. amurensis provenance screening, seed orchard establishment (including key technologies such as ‘dense planting’ and ‘bidirectional retrograde mesh type dislocation method’ configuration), and the selection of superior families and superior clones were summarized. In the propagation technology research section, the technical parameters and application effects of T. amurensis seed propagation (such as seed dormancy release methods and sowing density optimization), grafting propagation (such as the selection of the best grafting time and method), cutting propagation (such as the optimization of substrate and hormone combinations), and tissue culture (such as different medium formulas and explant selection) were summarized in detail. Finally, in light of the current research status and production demands, four major directions for future T. amurensis research were proposed: first, strengthening the systematic collection, evaluation, and long-term preservation of T. amurensis germplasm resources; second, developing tissue culture rapid propagation technology systems for T. amurensis vegetative organs (such as axillary buds and stem segments) and promoting their industrial application; third, expanding the selection and promotion of T. amurensis as an urban greening tree species (with greening indicators such as tree shape and leaf color as breeding goals); fourth, deepening the research on the separation and purification of T. amurensis medicinal active components (such as flavonoids), pharmacological mechanisms, and related drug development, providing scientific support for the multi-functional development of T. amurensis resources.

Key words: Tilia amurensis, low temperature stress, light intensity, site factor, thinning intensity, genetic improvement, cuttage, tissue culture