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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 133-138.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0701

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻秸秆炭化还田对稻田土壤有机碳稳定性的影响机制研究

商小兰1(), 陈翔2, 刘永红2, 徐星3, 俞洲君4, 朱为静5, 李丹1()   

  1. 1 杭州市农业技术推广中心（杭州市植保植检中心）， 杭州 310020
    2 桐庐县农业技术推广中心， 杭州 311500
    3 桐庐丰阳家庭农场， 杭州 311500
    4 杭州市农业生产资料有限公司， 杭州 311121
    5 浙江省农业科学院， 杭州 310021
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-13 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者:
    李丹，女，1985年出生，浙江绍兴人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事农业生态与土肥技术研究推广。通信地址：310020 浙江省杭州市上城区旺杨街259号 杭州农业大楼，Tel：0571-87014203，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    商小兰，女，1980年出生，浙江淳安人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业生态与农村能源的研究与推广。通信地址：310020 浙江省杭州市上城区旺杨街259号 杭州农业大楼，Tel：0571-86927287，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“浙江丘陵盆地中低产耕地健康土壤培育与绿色生产关键技术与模式”(2023YFD1902902); 杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关项目“秸秆炭化还田及炭基肥改良土壤质量关键技术研究与示范”(202409SX17); “农作物秸秆高效还田关键技术研究与应用”(202306TD10); 杭州市农业技术团队项目“离田秸秆高温腐熟与还田技术研究及应用示范”(2025TD04)

Study on Affecting Mechanisms of Rice Straw Carbonization Returning on Soil Organic Carbon Stability in Paddy Fields

SHANG Xiaolan1(), CHEN Xiang2, LIU Yonghong2, XU Xing3, YU Zhoujun4, ZHU Weijing5, LI Dan1()   

  1. 1 Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center (Hangzhou Plant Protection Plant Inspection Center), Hangzhou 310020
    2 Tonglu County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou 311500
    3 Tonglu Fengyang Family Farm, Hangzhou 311500
    4 Hangzhou Agricultural Means of Production Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121
    5 Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021
  • Received:2025-08-13 Revised:2025-12-23 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

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摘要：

为探明秸秆炭化还田对泥砂田土壤碳固存、养分有效性及结构稳定性的影响机制，通过田间定位试验，结合有机碳测定，设置对照、秸秆直接还田、低量秸秆炭化还田、高量秸秆炭化还田4组处理，系统研究秸秆炭化还田对稻田土壤有机碳稳定性的影响机制。结果表明，水稻秸秆直接还田和炭化还田均能有效提升稻田土壤pH、有机碳、有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮以及微生物生物量碳含量。3个秸秆还田处理的有机碳增幅在1.9%~12.8%之间，其中高量秸秆炭化还田处理最显著；微生物生物量碳增幅在18.0%~27.3%之间，其中以秸秆直接还田处理最显著。秸秆炭化还田后，低活性有机碳和惰性有机碳的比例增加了2.02~7.46个百分点，尤其是采用高量秸秆炭化还田，与对照比较，高活性有机碳的比例降低了5.8个百分点，惰性有机碳比例增加了4.3个百分点。采用3种秸秆还田处理，土壤大于0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量和大于2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量均有一定的增加，其中大于0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量增加了6.21%~9.25%；大于2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量增加了14.53%~18.32%。研究表明，秸秆炭化还田可以显著改善土壤酸化状况，提高土壤有机碳含量和稳定性，及速效养分含量和团聚体比例，从而提升土壤固碳能力，尤其以高量秸秆炭化还田处理效果最佳。本研究揭示了秸秆炭化还田在提升泥砂田土壤质量和碳汇潜力方面的作用，为相关农业实践提供了理论依据。

关键词: 秸秆炭化还田, 泥砂田, 有机碳, 团聚体稳定性, 微生物生物量碳

Abstract:

To explore the impact mechanisms of direct straw returning and carbonization returning on soil carbon sequestration, nutrient availability and structural stability in paddy soils, this study conducted a long-term field experiment with four treatments, including control (CK), direct straw returning, low amount of straw carbonization, and high amount of straw carbonization. The impact mechanism of straw carbonization on the stability of soil organic carbon in paddy field was systematically analyzed. The results showed that both direct straw returning and carbonization returning could effectively increase soil pH, organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon. The organic carbon of the three treatments increased by 1.9%-12.8%, and the treatment of high amount of straw carbonization was the most significant. The increase of microbial biomass carbon was between 18.0%-27.3%, and the treatment of direct straw returning showed the most significant. The proportions of low active organic carbon and inert organic carbon increased by 2.02%-7.46% after straw carbonization. In particular, compared with CK, the proportion of highly active organic carbon decreased by 5.8 percentage points, while the proportion of inert organic carbon increased by 4.3 percentage points. After three treatments, the content of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates and >2 mm water-stable aggregates in soil respectively increased by 6.21%-9.25% and 14.53%-18.32%. In conclusion, straw carbonization returning could significantly improve soil acidification, increase the contents of soil organic carbon and available nutrient, increase the proportion of water-stable aggregates, and enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity. Among all treatments, the effect of high amount of straw carbonization returning was the best.

Key words: straw carbonization returning, mud sand field, organic carbon, aggregate stability, microbial biomass carbon