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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 67-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0731

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿肥及其他物料对宁夏枸杞园土壤中碳氮转化的影响

张学科1(), 李惠霞2(), 张天一2, 马兰兰2, 严海霞3, 田学霞4   

  1. 1 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院，银川 750021
    2 宁夏大学农学院，银川 750021
    3 宁夏中宁县舟塔服务处，宁夏中宁 755100
    4 宁夏中宁县枸杞产业发展中心，宁夏中宁 755100
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 修回日期:2025-02-19 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-24
  • 通讯作者:
    李惠霞，女，1976年出生，甘肃灵台人，副教授，博士研究生，主要从事农田养分调控及综合利用方面研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏银川市西夏区贺兰山西路 宁夏大学农学院，Tel：0951-2061874，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张学科，男，1972年出生，宁夏隆德人，教授，本科，主要从事农田水利及水肥一体化方面研究。通信地址：750021 宁夏银川市西夏区贺兰山西路 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院，Tel：0951-2062005，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金“枸杞行间套种绿肥油菜对土壤有机碳库的影响及机制研究”(2023AAC03145); 国家自然科学基金“北方设施栽培土壤镁素生物有效性降低的原因与效应研究”(31960628)

Effect of Green Manure and Other Materials on Carbon and Nitrogen Transformation in Lycium chinense Orchards of Ningxia

ZHANG Xueke1(), LI Huixia2(), ZHANG Tianyi2, MA Lanlan2, YAN Haixia3, TIAN Xuexia4   

  1. 1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    3 Zhongning County Zhouta Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center, Zhongning, Ningxia 755100
    4 Zhongning Lycium chinense Industry Development Center of Ningxia, Zhongning, Ningxia 755100
  • Received:2024-11-20 Revised:2025-02-19 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-24

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摘要： 为探讨不同技术措施下引黄灌区农田土壤中氮转化和淋失特性，在宁夏引黄灌区选择栽培8a的枸杞园土壤为研究对象连续进行2a定位试验。以农户习惯氮肥投入量为对照(CK)，设置等氮量配施脲酶抑制剂(T1)、保水剂(T2)、套种箭舌豌豆(T3)和油菜绿肥(T4)4个处理。结果显示：（1）T1处理后土壤pH显著降低，T2在第2年显著提高表层土壤含水量，种植2种绿肥后表层土壤容重显著降低、土壤含水量显著提高；（2）第1年T3和T4处理土壤微生物量碳较CK分别增加33.2%和48.4%，第2年T3和T4处理土壤总有机碳较CK分别增加3.65%和4.59%，微生物量碳分别增加50.3%和59.2%；（3）第1年微生物量氮T3和T4分别较CK增加45.1%和42.6%，第2年分别增加95.9%和80.7%，T1较CK降低28.5%，2 a施用脲酶抑制剂土壤铵态氮含量增加71.7%和75.4%，第1年T3和T4硝态氮较CK分别增加46.7%和41.8%，第2年增加22.5%和13.4%；（4）2 a间土壤剖面铵态氮的变化主要发生在0~40 cm，硝态氮第1年主要发生在0~40 cm，第2年发生在0~60 cm，T1、T3和T4处理上层铵、硝态氮（60 cm以上）均显著高于其他处理。研究发现，在宁夏枸杞园施用保水剂效果不显著，施用脲酶抑制剂会转化形成更多易挥发的铵态氮，并不能显著提高氮素利用率，种植2种绿肥能使土壤变疏松，增加微生物量碳、氮含量从而促进有机氮的矿化，并且2种绿肥对硝酸盐向深层淋失有显著的阻控效果，因此，枸杞园套种箭舌豌豆和油菜绿肥在氮肥高效利用和防止水体硝酸盐污染方面均有显著效果，在生产中可以进一步推广。研究旨在为引黄灌区农田养分高效利用及黄河流域水质保护提供理论与技术参考。

关键词: 枸杞, 土壤有机碳, 氮素, 转化, 淋溶, 引黄灌区农田

Abstract:

A field test was conducted by control and urease inhibitor, water retaining agent, intercropping arrow pea and rapeseed green manure (marked as by CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4) in 8 years Lycium chinense orchards in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The aim was to study the nitrogen transformation and leaching characteristics in the soil, providing theoretical and technical references for efficient utilization of nutrients in farmland and water quality protection in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that: (1) soil pH reduced significantly under T1 treatment, surface soil water content was increased under T2 treatment in the second year. After planting two kinds of green manure, the bulk density of the surface soil decreased significantly and the soil moisture content increased significantly. (2) In the first test year, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of T3 and T4 treatments increased by 33.2% and 48.4% respectively compared to CK. However, in the next year, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) increased by 3.65% and 4.59% respectively, and the MBC increased by 50.3% and 59.2% respectively. (3) The soil MBN of T3 and T4 treatment increased by 45.1% and 42.6% respectively compared to CK in the first year, and they increased by 95.9% and 80.7% in the second year, respectively, and T1 decreased by 28.5% compared to CK. After two years of application of T1, the soil NH4+-N increased by 71.7% and 75.4%. NO3--N of T3 and T4 increased by 46.7% and 41.8% respectively in the first year compared to CK, and in the next year they increased by 22.5% and 13.4%. (4) The changes of NH4+-N content in soil profiles over two years mainly occurred in 0-40 cm, while NO3--N content mainly occurred in 0-40 cm in the first year and 0-60 cm in the second year. The upper soil NH4+-N and NO3--N (above 60 cm) by T1, T3, and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those in other treatments. In a conclusion, application of urease inhibitors leaded to a decrease in soil pH and MBN, resulting in the formation of more NH4+-N; planting two types of green manure could loosen the soil, increase MBC and MBN, and promote organic nitrogen mineralization. Moreover, the two types of green manure had a significant inhibitory effect on NO3--N leaching into deeper layers in Lycium chinense orchards in Ningxia. Therefore, it was recommended that intercropping arrow pea and rapeseed manure in Lycium chinense orchards had significant effects on efficient nitrogen fertilizer utilization and prevention of water pollution.

Key words: Lycium chinense, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, transformation, leaching, farmland in the Yellow River irrigation area