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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (29): 39-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0107

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田和氮肥基追比对冬小麦产量及氮效率的影响

韩明明1,2(), 李文倩1,2   

  1. 1 淄博市农业科学研究院,山东淄博 255000
    2 淄博数字农业农村研究院,山东淄博 255051
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-03 修回日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
  • 作者简介:

    韩明明,男,1989年出生,山东安丘人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向:小麦高产优质高效栽培理论与技术途径。通信地址:255000 山东淄博张店区商场西街197号 淄博市农业科学研究院,Tel:0533-2865842,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“小麦茎秆木质素和纤维素合成调控及抗倒增产栽培途径研究”(31271661)

Effects of Straw Returning and Basal/Topdressing Ratio of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency of Winter Wheat

HAN Mingming1,2(), LI Wenqian1,2   

  1. 1 Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo, Shandong 255000
    2 Zibo Institute for Digital Agriculture and Rural Research, Zibo, Shandong 255051
  • Received:2024-02-03 Revised:2024-07-08 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

摘要:

本研究旨在探究秸秆还田结合氮肥基追比对冬小麦产量及氮效率的影响,并确立秸秆还田条件下冬小麦合理的氮肥施用模式。供试品种为‘济麦22’,采用裂区试验设计,主区为2个秸秆处理,分别为无秸秆还田(S0)和秸秆还田(S1);裂区为3个氮肥基追比例,分别为7:3 (T1)、5:5 (T2)、3:7 (T3),施氮量为240 kg/hm2。以秸秆还田不施氮肥与秸秆不还田不施氮肥为氮空白对照。结果表明:与无秸秆还田相比较,秸秆还田处理提高了冬小麦的氮素利用效率及氮素收获指数,均以7:3处理增幅最大,分别达到11.08%和5.21%。秸秆还田配施较高比例基肥时产量高于无秸秆还田处理,增产幅度为13.36%,反之低于无秸秆还田处理,氮肥基追比例7:3的处理产量最高。建议在与本试验条件相似的地区,秸秆还田条件下适当增大基肥比例,是兼顾产量和环境的一条可行路径。

关键词: 冬小麦, 秸秆还田, 氮效率, 氮肥基追比, 氮素利用效率, 产量

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the effects of straw returning and basal/topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency, and to determine the optimal nitrogen fertilization pattern under straw returning conditions. The experiment used the wheat variety ‘Jimai 22’ as test material, and employed a split-plot design. The main plots consisted of two straw treatments: no straw returning (S0) and straw returning (S1). Sub-plots included three nitrogen fertilizer ratios: 7:3 (T1), 5:5 (T2) and 3:7 (T3), with a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2. Nitrogen blank controls were set up with no nitrogen fertilizer applied under both straw returning and no straw returning conditions. The results indicated that compared with no straw returning, straw returning increased nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of winter wheat, with the largest increase observed in the T1 treatment, reaching 11.08% and 5.21% respectively. When straw returning was combined with a higher proportion of base fertilizer, the yield was higher than that of no straw returning, with an increase of 13.36%. Conversely, when combined with a lower proportion of base fertilizer, the yield was lower than that of no straw returning, with the highest yield achieved with a nitrogen fertilizer ratio of 7:3. It is suggested that in regions similar to the conditions of this experiment, increasing the proportion of base fertilizer under straw returning conditions is a feasible approach to balancing yield and environmental considerations.

Key words: winter wheat, straw returning, nitrogen efficiency, basal/topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield