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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 96-101.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0456

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

丽江烟田绿肥（光叶紫花苕）腐解及养分迁移规律

周初跃1(), 李兰周2, 尹浩2, 邰先常2, 汪季涛1, 朱一帆1, 李晨营2, 余飞3, 祖朝龙3, 沈嘉3(), 马文广2()   

  1. 1 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司，合肥 230000
    2 云南省烟草公司丽江市公司，云南丽江 674100
    3 安徽省农业科学院经济作物研究所，合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05 修回日期:2025-01-15 出版日期:2025-04-05 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者:
    沈嘉，男，1982年出生，安徽马鞍山人，副研究员，博士，主要从事烟草栽培相关研究。通信地址：230001 合肥市庐阳区农科南路40号 安徽省农业科学院经济作物研究所，Tel：0551-65148970，E-mail：。
    马文广，男，1972年出生，云南玉溪人，研究员，硕士，主要从事烟草育种研究。通信地址：674100 云南省丽江市长水路丽江市烟草公司，Tel：0888-5162068，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周初跃，男，1972年出生，安徽蚌埠人，高级农艺师，学士，研究方向：烟叶原料研究。通信地址：230000 安徽省合肥市高新区黄山路606号 安徽中烟工业有限责任公司，Tel：0551-65148961，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    安徽中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“填闲绿肥协同提升烟地和烟叶质量关键技术研究”(2022136); 安徽中烟基地技术服务项目(2023340000340030)

Decomposition of Green Manure (Vicia villosa) and Nutrient Migration Patterns in Tobacco Fields of Lijiang

ZHOU Chuyue1(), LI Lanzhou2, YIN Hao2, TAI Xianchang2, WANG Jitao1, ZHU Yifan1, LI Chenying2, YU Fei3, ZU Chaolong3, SHEN Jia3(), MA Wenguang2()   

  1. 1 China Tobacco Anhui Industry Company Limited, Hefei 230000
    2 Lijiang City Company, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lijiang, Yunnan 674100
    3 Institute of Economic Crops, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031
  • Received:2024-07-05 Revised:2025-01-15 Published:2025-04-05 Online:2025-04-03

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摘要：

为探讨云南丽江烟区烤烟前茬光叶紫花苕翻压还田对化学氮素替代的潜力，通过3个试验系统分析光叶紫花苕翻压后的降解速率，并运用δ15N标记技术追踪光叶紫花苕氮素向烟草植株的迁移量，同时验证在大田条件下光叶紫花苕还田对化学氮素替代效果。研究结果表明，光叶紫花苕翻压后可在土壤中自然腐解并释放养分，其中翻压后2周内腐解速度最快。适宜的翻压时间应提前于烟草移栽期90~100 d左右，此时光叶紫花苕腐解量超过50%，氮、磷、钾分别释放约48.75%、52.00%和 83.65%。同位素追踪结果显示，烟草吸收的肥料氮中，来自光叶紫花苕的氮占总肥料氮的10.15%，当季绿肥氮素利用率约为3.66%。因此，在光叶紫花苕还田后需适当减少化肥氮素施用量，最佳氮肥用量为常规用量的80%。研究表明，烤烟前茬种植光叶紫花苕并翻压还田不仅能够提高烟叶产量和经济价值，还能有效减少化肥使用量，实现减肥增效的目标。

关键词: 绿肥, 光叶紫花苕, 腐解, 养分迁移, 烤烟, 翻压还田, 化学氮素替代, 减肥增效

Abstract:

To explore the potential of chemical nitrogen substitution by ploughing and returning Vicia villosa as the preceding crop of flue-cured tobacco in Lijiang tobacco-growing area of Yunnan Province, this study conducted a systematic analysis through three experiments: (1) measuring the degradation rate of Vicia villosa after ploughing; (2) using the δ15N isotope labeling technique to precisely quantify the amount of nitrogen transferred from Vicia villosa to tobacco plants; (3) verifying the substitution effect of chemical nitrogen by returning Vicia villosa to the field under field conditions. The research results showed that Vicia villosa could naturally decompose and release nutrients in the soil after ploughing, and the decomposition rate was the fastest within two weeks after ploughing. The appropriate ploughing time should be 90 to 100 days before tobacco transplanting. At this time, more than 50% of Vicia villosa could decompose, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were released by approximately 48.75%, 52.00% and 83.65% respectively. The isotope tracking results showed that among the fertilizer nitrogen absorbed by tobacco, the nitrogen from Vicia villosa accounted for 10.15% of the total fertilizer nitrogen, and the nitrogen utilization rate of green manure in the current season was approximately 3.66%. Therefore, after returning Vicia villosa to the field, the application amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately reduced, and the optimal nitrogen fertilizer dosage was 80% of the conventional dosage. The research indicated that planting Vicia villosa as the preceding crop of flue-cured tobacco and ploughing it over could not only increase the yield and economic value of tobacco leaves but also effectively reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizers, achieving the goal of reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency.

Key words: green manure, Vicia villosa, decomposition, nutrient migration, flue-cured tobacco, ploughing and returning to field, chemical nitrogen substitution, reducing fertilizers and increasing efficiency