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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 170-176.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0705

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

广州市增城区大封门林场及周边不同生境啮齿动物群落结构季节动态研究

林思亮(), 姜洪雪, 姚丹丹, 冯志勇, 秦姣()   

  1. 广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室/广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22 修回日期:2026-02-18 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 通讯作者:
    秦姣,女,1982年出生,山西太谷人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:鼠类生理生态及鼠害可持续控制研究。通信地址:510640 广州市天河区金颖路7号 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:020-87597585,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    林思亮,男,1985年出生,广东清远人,副研究员,博士,研究方向:鼠类生态学及鼠害防控技术研究。通信地址:510640 广州市天河区金颖路7号 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:020-87597585,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与基础应用研究基金“农业景观格局对鼠类宿主多样性-鼠传疾病关系的影响机理”(2023A1515010862)

Study on Seasonal Dynamics of Rodent Community Structure in Different Habitats of Dafengmen Forest Farm and Its Surrounding Areas in Zengcheng District of Guangzhou

LIN Siliang(), JIANG Hongxue, YAO Dandan, FENG Zhiyong, QIN Jiao()   

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2025-08-22 Revised:2026-02-18 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

摘要:

为探究农林交错带中不同生境下啮齿动物群落结构的季节动态规律,丰富该区域的啮齿动物群落生态学资料,为啮齿动物的预测预报和科学防控提供依据。在广州市增城区大封门林场及周边区域,沿农区、农林交错区和林区生境梯度设置样地,通过季度夹夜法系统调查了啮齿动物群落结构的时空动态。共捕获啮齿动物134只,隶属于1科4属7种,包括为:板齿鼠(Bandicota indica)、小泡巨鼠(Leopoldamys edwardsi)、针毛鼠(Nivienter fulvescens)、黑缘齿鼠(Rattus andamanensis)、黄毛鼠(Rattus loses)、褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和黄胸鼠(Rattus tanezumi)。捕获率以农区最高(2.00%),林区次之,农林交错区最低;季节捕获率表现为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季。不同生境和季节的群落物种组成存在显著差异。群落多样性指标(如物种数、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数和丰富度指数等)表现为农区>农林交错区>林区,整体上冬春季的群落多样性高于夏秋季。季节更替下,林区生境中捕获率和群落多样性指标的变异系数显著高于农区,表明农区生境中啮齿动物群落的稳定性较高。研究区内的啮齿动物密度、物种组成和群落多样性存在显著的时空动态趋势,这与栖息地异质性、食物资源丰度、人为干扰和啮齿动物生态习性等因素有关。天然林与农田镶嵌形成的农林交错带具有独特的啮齿动物群落结构,需制定针对性的防控策略和技术。

关键词: 大封门林场, 啮齿动物, 群落结构, 生境, 季节动态

Abstract:

The purpose is to investigate the seasonal dynamics of rodent community structure across different habitats within an agroforestry ecotone, enrich local rodent community ecology data, and provide a reference basis for rodent population forecasting and scientific control. Study plots were established along a habitat gradient (farmland area, farmland-forest ecotone, forest area) around Dafengmen Forest Farm in Zengcheng District, Guangzhou City. Rodent community structure and its spatiotemporal dynamics were systematically surveyed quarterly using the snap-trapping method. A total of 134 rodents were captured, belonging to 7 species, 4 genera, and 1 family, namely Bandicota indica, Leopoldamys edwardsi, Niviventer fulvescens, Rattus andamanensis, Rattus losea, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus tanezumi. The capture rate was highest in farmland (2.00%), followed by forest, and lowest in the ecotone. Seasonal capture rates ranked as summer > autumn > winter > spring. Community species composition differed significantly among habitats and seasons. Community diversity metrics (e.g., richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, Simpson index, Margalef Richness index) were highest in farmland, followed by the ecotone, and lowest in forest, with overall higher values in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. Under seasonal shifts, the coefficients of variation for capture rate and community diversity indices were higher in forest habitats than in farmland, with the ecotone intermediate, indicating greater community stability in farmland habitats. Significant spatiotemporal dynamics in rodent density, species composition, and community diversity were observed in the study area, related to habitat heterogeneity, food resource abundance, anthropogenic disturbance, and rodent ecological traits. The rodent community structure within the agroforestry ecotone formed by mosaic of natural forest and farmland is unique, necessitating targeted control strategies and techniques.

Key words: Dafengmen forest farm, rodents, community structure, habitats, seasonal dynamics

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