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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 214-218.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0170

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

岚山湾张网渔获物组成及其多样性季节变化的初步研究

逄志伟1(), 许庆昌2, 李显森2, 黄文强2(), 孙珊2   

  1. 1 日照市岚山区海洋发展服务中心， 山东日照 276808
    2 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所， 山东青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-28 修回日期:2026-05-13 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-09
  • 通讯作者:
    黄文强，男，1970年出生，广西柳州人，助理研究员，学士，主要从事渔具渔法研究。通信地址：266071 山东省青岛市市南区南京路106号 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所，Tel：0532-85836345，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    逄志伟，男，1987年出生，工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋渔业管理和渔业资源生态学的研究。通信地址：276808 山东省日照市岚山区岚山东路501号 日照市岚山区海洋发展服务中心，Tel：0633-3677822，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“海洋农业与淡水渔业科技创新”专项“海洋生态友好型渔具渔法与节能再利用技术研究应用”项目“典型渔具捕捞能力与容纳量管理模型研究”(2024YFD2400703)

Preliminary Study on Seasonal Variations in Composition and Diversity of Stow Net Catches in Lanshan Bay

PANG Zhiwei1(), XU Qingchang2, LI Xiansen2, HUANG Wenqiang2(), SUN Shan2   

  1. 1 Marine Development Service Center of Lanshan District, Rizhao, Shandong 276808
    2 Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071
  • Received:2026-02-28 Revised:2026-05-13 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-09

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摘要：

基于2025年1、4、8、10月在岚山湾进行的张网渔船生产调查数据，应用相对重要性指数、生物多样性指数对张网渔获物组成及其多样性的季节变化进行初步研究。调查共获得渔获物种类15种，隶属于3门3纲8目12科14属，十足目、鲈形目种数最多均为4种。渔获物冬季的优势种为口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、短蛸(Octopus ocellatus)，常见种为三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)；春季的优势种为尖海龙(Syngnathus acus)，常见种为日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)；夏季的优势种为日本鳀、日本枪乌贼(Loligo japonica)，常见种为小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、脊尾白虾(Exopalamon carincauda)、三疣梭子蟹；秋季的优势种为日本鳀、三疣梭子蟹，常见种为鹰爪虾(Trachysalambria curvirostris)、短蛸。渔获物多样性指数(H′)变化范围为0.18~1.02，秋季最高，春季最低；丰富度指数(D)变化范围为0.28~0.89，夏季最高，冬季最低；均匀度指数(J)变化范围为0.09~0.79，冬季最高，春季最低。岚山湾张网渔获物组成、优势种和多样性的季节变化较为明显。岚山湾作为诸多渔业种类索饵场的功能仍不可忽视，建议加强优势种类的保护利用研究和对张网渔业的有效管理。

关键词: 岚山湾, 张网, 渔获物, 多样性, 季节变化

Abstract:

Based on the production survey data collected from stow net survey in Lanshan Bay in January, April, August, and October of 2025, seasonal variations in the composition and diversity of catches were examined preliminarily using index of relative importance and ecological diversity indices. The results showed that a total of 15 species were captured, belonging to 3 phylums, 3 classes, 8 orders, 12 families, 14 genus. The Decapoda and the Perciformes had the highest number of species, with 4 species each. In winter, the dominant species of catches were Oratosquilla oratoria and Octopus ocellatus, with the common species being Portunus trituberculatus. In spring, the dominant species was Syngnathus acus, with the common species being Engraulis japonicus. In summer, the dominant species were Engraulis japonicus and Loligo japonica, with the common species being Larimichthys polyactis, Exopalamon carincauda, and Portunus trituberculatus. In autumn, the dominant species were Engraulis japonicus and Portunus trituberculatus, with the common species being Trachysalambria curvirostris and Octopus ocellatus. The ranges of Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), being highest in autumn and lowest in spring, were from 0.18 to 1.02. The ranges of the Margalef’s species richness index (D), being highest in summer and lowest in winter, were from 0.28 to 0.89. The ranges of Pielou’s evenness index (J), being highest in winter and lowest in spring, were from 0.09 to 0.79. The seasonal variations in the composition, dominant species, and diversity of stow net catches in Lanshan Bay were quite evident. The function of Lanshan Bay as a feeding ground for various fish species should still not be overlooked. It is recommended to strengthen research on the protection and utilization of dominant species, and the effective management of stow net fishing industry.

Key words: Lanshan Bay, stow net, catches, diversity, seasonal variations

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