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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 68-77.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0554

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北陆地棉品种的表型性状分析及综合评价

谢雨欣1(), 汪佳怡1, 冯震1, 李飞飞1, 赵树琪1,2(), 李黎贝1()   

  1. 1 浙江农林大学现代农学院， 杭州 311300
    2 黄冈市农业科学院， 湖北黄冈 438000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-12-11 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-23
  • 通讯作者:
    李黎贝，男，1989年出生，河北石家庄人，副教授，博士研究生，研究方向：棉花遗传育种研究。通信地址：311300 浙江杭州临安区浙江农林大学现代农学院，E-mail：；
    赵树琪，男，1989年出生，山东广饶人，农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：棉花和小麦遗传育种及高产栽培技术研究。通信地址：438000 湖北省黄冈市黄州大道89号黄冈市农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    谢雨欣，女，2004年出生，福建古田人，本科，研究方向：棉花遗传育种研究。通信地址：311300 浙江杭州临安区浙江农林大学现代农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    浙江农林大学学生科研训练项目资助(2024kx0010)

Phenotypic Trait Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Upland Cotton in Hubei Province

XIE Yuxin1(), WANG Jiayi1, FENG Zhen1, LI Feifei1, ZHAO Shuqi1,2(), LI Libei1()   

  1. 1 College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300
    2 Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei 438000
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-12-11 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-23

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摘要：

针对湖北省棉花产业面临“早熟、高产、优质”协同改良目标不明确、优异亲本筛选缺乏量化依据的问题，为系统解析湖北省2001—2023年审定陆地棉品种表型性状变异特征、年代演变规律，筛选综合表现优异的种质资源，支撑长江流域棉区育种创新，以湖北省114个审定陆地棉品种为材料，测定株高、果枝数、铃数、铃重、皮棉产量及纤维品质等11个关键表型性状，采用描述性统计、相关分析、聚类分析和主成分分析进行综合评价；结果表明：产量相关性状变异幅度较大，铃数、铃重和皮棉产量的变异系数为7.25%~23.98%，具有较大的育种改良潜力；纤维长度、纤维强度等品质性状变异系数较小(4.21%~8.02%)，遗传稳定性较高。随着育种时期推进，品种性状呈现出皮棉产量提高、株高和果枝数降低、生育期缩短及纤维品质逐步改善的演变趋势。基于聚类分析，114个品种被划分为3个类群，其中第Ⅲ类群在产量与品质方面综合表现最优。主成分分析共提取3个主成分，累计贡献率为67.44%，据此构建综合评价模型，筛选出中、晚熟优良种质10个和早熟优良种质5个。研究明确，湖北陆地棉产量性状改良空间大、品质性状稳定，综合表型评价可高效筛选优异亲本。研究结果为长江流域棉区棉花早熟、高产、优质协同育种提供了理论依据与优异种质资源。

关键词: 陆地棉, 表型多样性, 遗传多样性, 品种演变, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 育种利用

Abstract:

Given the unclear objectives of coordinated improvement for early maturity, high yield and superior quality, and the absence of quantitative standards for elite parent selection in the Hubei cotton industry, this study aims to systematically analyze the variation characteristics and evolutionary trends of major phenotypic traits in upland cotton varieties from Hubei Province, and to screen germplasm resources with superior comprehensive performance, thereby supporting breeding innovation in the Yangtze river region. A total of 114 upland cotton varieties approved for release in Hubei Province from 2001 to 2023 were used as experimental materials. Eleven phenotypic traits, including plant height, number of fruiting branches, boll number, boll weight, lint yield, and fiber quality traits, were measured. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis were employed for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that yield-related traits exhibited large variation ranges, with coefficients of variation for boll number, boll weight, and lint yield ranging from 7.25% to 23.98%, indicating high potential for breeding improvement. In contrast, fiber quality traits, such as fiber length and fiber strength, showed relatively low coefficients of variation (4.21%-8.02%), reflecting high genetic stability. With the advancement of breeding periods, phenotypic traits exhibited clear evolutionary trends, characterized by increased lint yield, reduced plant height and number of fruiting branches, shortened growth period, and gradual improvement in fiber quality. Based on cluster analysis, the 114 varieties were classified into three groups, among which Group III showed the best overall performance in both yield and quality. Principal component analysis extracted three principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.44%. Based on the comprehensive evaluation model, 10 superior germplasm lines were selected from mid- and late-maturing varieties, and 5 superior germplasm lines were identified from early-maturing varieties. This study demonstrated that upland cotton varieties in Hubei Province exhibited continuous improvement potential in yield-related traits while maintaining stable fiber quality, and that comprehensive phenotypic evaluation was effective for identifying elite parental lines. The research findings provided a theoretical basis and elite germplasm resources for the synergistic breeding of early-maturing, high-yield and high-quality cotton varieties in the Yangtze river region.

Key words: upland cotton, phenotypic diversity, genetic diversity, varietal evolution, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, breeding utilization

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