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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 6-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0632

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

陕北旱区不同大豆品种耐荫性评价及鉴定指标的筛选

邓长芳1(), 张明君1(), 云延梅1, 姚昕言2, 张强1, 杜娟1, 邹亚亚1, 王波1   

  1. 1 延安市农业科学研究院, 陕西延安 716000
    2 延安市农村合作经济经营管理站, 陕西延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-25 修回日期:2026-04-09 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-05-27
  • 通讯作者:
    张明君,男,1991年出生,甘肃庆阳人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:大豆高产栽培。通信地址:716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区南市街道 马家湾农科所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    邓长芳,女,1991年出生,山东枣庄人,农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:旱地作物高产栽培。通信地址:716000 陕西省延安市宝塔区南市街道 马家湾农科所,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部科学技术司项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系”(CARS-04); 陕西省重点研发计划“大豆玉米带状复合种植关键技术集成与应用”(2023-ZDLNY-10); 陕西省农业农村厅项目“陕西省现代农业产业技术体系”(SNTX-36); 延安市科技计划项目“大豆玉米带状间作青贮种植技术研究与示范”(2023-NYGG-021)

Comprehensive Evaluation and Identification of Shade Tolerance of Different Soybean Varieties in Arid Region of Northern Shaanxi Province and Index Screening

DENG Changfang1(), ZHANG Mingjun1(), YUN Yanmei1, YAO Xinyan2, ZHANG Qiang1, DU Juan1, ZOU Yaya1, WANG Bo1   

  1. 1 Yan'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000
    2 Yan'an Rural Cooperative Economic Operation and Management Station, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000
  • Received:2025-07-25 Revised:2026-04-09 Published:2026-05-25 Online:2026-05-27

摘要:

陕北地区大豆玉米带状复合种植中存在大豆耐荫性品种缺乏、评价体系不完善、鉴定指标不明确等问题。为筛选适宜当地间作的耐荫大豆品种并建立标准化评价方法,以20个参试大豆品种为材料,设置玉米-大豆间作(自然遮荫)与单作(不遮荫)2种模式,测定大豆株高、茎粗、底荚高度、产量相关等14个性状的耐荫系数,采用主成分分析、隶属函数法、聚类分析与逐步回归分析综合评价耐荫性。结果表明,14个单项指标间存在显著相关,信息重叠明显;主成分分析将其转化为4个相互独立的综合指标,累计贡献率达78.665%;通过隶属函数计算20个大豆品种(系)的综合耐荫评价值,将其分为强耐荫型(8个)、中等耐荫型(6个)、弱耐荫型(6个);逐步回归筛选出株高、底荚高度、主茎荚数、侧枝荚数、百粒重、抗倒性6个核心鉴定指标。本研究明确了陕北旱区大豆耐荫性评价体系与关键指标,筛选出一批适宜间作的强耐荫品种,可为大豆玉米带状复合种植提供品种与技术支撑,后续可开展多年多点验证与配套栽培技术研究。

关键词: 大豆, 间作, 耐荫系数, 主成分分析, 隶属函数分析, 逐步回归分析, 陕北旱区

Abstract:

In order to explore the shade tolerance of different soybean varieties and screen out the soybean varieties suitable for intercropping in northern Shaanxi and establish a standardized evaluation method, this paper took 20 soybean varieties as test materials, and set intercropping (natural shade) and moncropping (no shade) as two treatments. Principal component analysis, membership function analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to evaluate shade tolerance coefficients of 14 indexes such as plant height, stem diameter and bottom pod height. By principal component analysis, 14 index coefficients were transformed into 4 independent comprehensive indexes, representing 78.665% of the information. The evaluation value of comprehensive shade tolerance was calculated by membership function, and 20 soybean varieties (lines) were divided into strong shade tolerance type (8), medium shade tolerance type (6) and weak shade tolerance type (6). Six indices including plant height, bottom pod height, pod number of main stem, pod number of lateral branch, 100 grain weight and lodging resistance were selected to evaluate the shade tolerance of soybean varieties in northern Shaanxi. This study clarified the evaluation system and key indicators of soybean shade tolerance in the arid area of northern Shaanxi, and screened a number of strong shade-tolerant varieties suitable for intercropping, which could provide varieties and technical support for soybean-maize strip compound planting. Follow-up multi-year multi-point verification and supporting cultivation technology research can be carried out.

Key words: soybean, intercropping, shade tolerance coefficient, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, stepwise regression analysis, arid area of northern Shaanxi

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