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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 109-118.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0922

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

密氮互作对盐碱地大豆生长及土壤养分的协同调控效应

彭梓程1(), 李帅豪1, 解世瑞1, 杨海昌1(), 张凤华1, 刘峰1, 周中凯1, 许运军2   

  1. 1 石河子大学农学院， 新疆石河子 832003
    2 宁乡市菁华铺人民政府， 湖南宁乡 410600
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11 修回日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 通讯作者:
    杨海昌，男，1990年出生，山西晋中人，副教授，博士研究生，主要从事绿洲生态与农业资源高效利用研究。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子市北四路221号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    彭梓程，男，2000年出生，湖南长沙人，硕士研究生，主要从事农业资源与环境的相关研究。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子市北四路221号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    兵团科技计划项目“大豆提质增效深加工技术与高附加值产品开发和示范”(2024AB052); 新疆“两区”院士专项“功能性有机肥料产品创新及核心技术研究”(2025LQ02009); 石河子大学国际科技合作项目“大豆耐盐碱机制及高产种植技术研究”(GJHZ202304); 第七师胡杨河市-石河子大学创新专项“液肥智能控施系统与盐碱改良关键技术研发应用”(QS2025006); 兵团研究生教育创新计划项目“盐碱地大豆优质高产实践调控策略与栽培优化技术探索”(BTYJXM2024S17); 大学生创新创业训练项目“种植密度和施氮量对土壤肥力及盐碱地大豆生长特性的影响”(SRP2025009)

Synergistic Regulatory Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Fertilizer Interaction on Soybean Growth and Soil Nutrients in Saline-alkali Soil

PENG Zicheng1(), LI Shuaihao1, XIE Shirui1, YANG Haichang1(), ZHANG Fenghua1, LIU Feng1, ZHOU Zhongkai1, XU Yunjun2   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003
    2 Jinghuapu People’s Government, Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, Hunan 410600
  • Received:2025-11-11 Revised:2026-01-09 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

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摘要：

为优化盐碱地大豆的种植，本研究在新疆石河子开展田间试验，探究种植密度与施氮量对大豆生长、产量和土壤养分的协同调控效应。试验设置3个种植密度（17万、22万、27万株/hm2，以D1、D2、D3表示）和4个施氮水平（0、75、150、225 kg/hm2，以N0、N1、N2、N3表示）。结果表明：大豆产量随施氮水平增加呈先升后降趋势，D2N2（22万株/hm2+150 kg/hm2）处理效果最佳，不仅显著提升土壤养分（碱解氮含量较D2N0处理提升147.21%~221.02%），且促进籽粒干重积累(0.34 g/d)。，最终实现显著增产(5188.65 kg/hm2)。D2N2通过平衡群体结构与氮素供应，协同提升产量和土壤养分。本研究为盐碱地大豆“以密增产、以氮促效”的栽培策略提供了理论依据。

关键词: 种植密度, 氮, 盐碱胁迫, 大豆, 干鲜重, 土壤养分

Abstract:

This study explored the synergistic effects of planting density and nitrogen application rate on soybean growth, yield formation, and soil nutrient dynamics in saline-alkali soils. A two-factor field experiment was conducted on slightly saline-alkali land in Shihezi, Xinjiang, with three planting densities (170000, 220000, and 270000 plants/hm2, referred to as D1, D2, and D3) and four nitrogen application levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg/hm2, denoted as N0, N1, N2, and N3). The objective was to assess their impact on soybean growth, yield, and soil nutrient availability. The results indicated that soybean yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application up to a certain threshold, beyond which further nitrogen addition led to a decline in yield. The D2N2 treatment (220000 plants/hm2 + 150 kg/hm2) significantly enhanced soil nutrient availability, with available nitrogen content rising by 147.21%-221.02%, compared to the D2N0 treatment. This treatment also promoted a 0.34 g/d increase in grain dry weight accumulation. A comprehensive analysis revealed that the D2N2 combination was optimal, achieving a synergistic increase in both soybean yield (5188.65 kg/hm2) and soil nutrient content by balancing planting density and nitrogen supply. This study provided a theoretical foundation for the strategy of “increasing yield through dense planting and enhancing efficiency with nitrogen” for soybean cultivation on saline-alkali soils.

Key words: planting density, nitrogen, saline-alkali stress, soybean, dry and fresh weight, soil nutrients