不同药用植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性比较研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0523

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对云南主栽药用植物根际微生物互作机制研究薄弱、同生境下多物种对比数据缺乏的问题，为揭示白及(Bletilla striata)、小黄姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)、滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum) 3种药用植物根际土壤微生物群落结构与差异规律，本研究以3种药用植物根际土壤及非种植区土壤为对象，采用16S/ITS rRNA高通量测序技术，比较分析土壤细菌/真菌群落多样性、组成及差异物种。结果表明：药用植物根际土壤中的微生物群落多样性指数显著高于非种植区土壤。细菌门水平下，4组样本的优势类群差异不大，总体相对丰度第1的是变形菌门Proteobacteria(32.94%)、第2是Actinobacteriota(20.16%)、第3是Chloroflexi(14.00%)、第4是Firmicutes(13.85%)、第5是Acidobacteriota(7.91%)。真菌门中丰度第1的是Ascomycota(70.84%)、第2是Basidiomycota(11.62%)、第3是unclassified_k__Fungi(8.41%)、第4是Mortierellomycota(4.22%)、第5是Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis(3.91%)。3种药用植物根际土壤中各自富集了特异性有益细菌属，其中Sphingomonas、Nakamurella、Mortierella等相对丰度高于非种植土壤。研究明确了3种药用植物对根际微生物的塑造效应，为药用植物绿色种植、根际有益微生物利用及连作障碍调控提供理论依据，后续可开展微生物菌剂研发与田间应用验证。

关键词: 药用植物, 根际土壤, 微生物群落, 多样性, 高通量测序

Abstract:

The research on the rhizosphere microbial interaction mechanism of the main medicinal plants in Yunnan is weak, and there is a lack of multi-species comparative data in the same habitat. To investigate the diversity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere soils of different medicinal plants, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three medicinal plant species, namely Bletilla striata, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Polygonatum kingianum, together with soil samples from an uncultivated area. High-throughput sequencing of 16S/ITS rRNA genes was performed to analyze the differences in bacterial and fungal community diversity among these soil samples. The results showed that the microbial community diversity indices of the medicinal plant rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those of the uncultivated soil. At the bacterial phylum level, there was little variation in the dominant taxa across the four sample groups. The overall relative abundances were ranked as follows: Proteobacteria (32.94%) at the first place, followed by Actinobacteriota (20.16%), Chloroflexi (14.00%), Firmicutes (13.85%), and Acidobacteriota (7.91%). For fungal phyla, the abundance ranking was Ascomycota (70.84%) as the most dominant, followed by Basidiomycota (11.62%), unclassified_k__Fungi (8.41%), Mortierellomycota (4.22%), and Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis (3.91%). The rhizosphere soils of the three medicinal plants were each enriched with specific beneficial bacterial genera. Among these, Sphingomonas, Nakamurella, and Mortierella exhibited higher relative abundances compared with the uncultivated soil. The study clarified the shaping effect of three medicinal plants on rhizosphere microorganisms, and provided a theoretical basis for green planting of medicinal plants, utilization of beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere and regulation of continuous cropping obstacles. Subsequent research and development of microbial agents and field application verification can be carried out.

Key words: medicinal plant, rhizosphere soil, microbial community, diversity, high-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

S154.36

杨玉玲, 王灿, 孙宏伟, 彭翠仙, 杨清松, 李玲, 郭开基, 赵大伟, 陶永宏. 不同药用植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性比较研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(15): 157-164.

YANG Yuling, WANG Can, SUN Hongwei, PENG Cuixian, YANG Qingsong, LI Ling, GUO Kaiji, ZHAO Dawei, TAO Yonghong. Comparative Study on Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities in Different Medicinal Plants[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(15): 157-164.

图/表 7

参考文献 36

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Group	Sample	Bacterial			Fungal
Group	Sample	SeqNum	BaseNum	MeanLen	SeqNum	BaseNum	MeanLen
1	BJ1	55 437	22 998 549	414.86	47 259	11 545 382	244.30
2	BJ2	60 378	25 102 933	415.76	60 892	15 154 968	248.88
3	BJ3	51 708	21 439 846	414.63	63 187	15 543 855	246.00
4	CK1	43 175	18 408 431	426.37	49 133	12 087 721	246.02
5	CK2	41 430	17 653 134	426.10	70 725	17 421 818	246.33
6	CK3	46 150	19 701 264	426.90	75 413	18 416 315	244.21
7	HJ1	61 184	25 329 179	413.98	56 960	15 145 530	265.90
8	HJ2	52 769	21 911 384	415.23	50 722	12 544 694	247.32
9	HJ3	71 272	29 515 050	414.12	58 713	14 789 341	251.89
10	SJ1	57 851	23 967 940	414.30	62 131	15 253 138	245.50
11	SJ2	50 718	21 007 303	414.20	48 938	12 420 015	253.79
12	SJ3	53 953	22 393 230	415.05	50 552	12 609 526	249.44

Group	Sample	Bacterial			Fungal
Group	Sample	SeqNum	BaseNum	MeanLen	SeqNum	BaseNum	MeanLen
1	BJ1	55 437	22 998 549	414.86	47 259	11 545 382	244.30
2	BJ2	60 378	25 102 933	415.76	60 892	15 154 968	248.88
3	BJ3	51 708	21 439 846	414.63	63 187	15 543 855	246.00
4	CK1	43 175	18 408 431	426.37	49 133	12 087 721	246.02
5	CK2	41 430	17 653 134	426.10	70 725	17 421 818	246.33
6	CK3	46 150	19 701 264	426.90	75 413	18 416 315	244.21
7	HJ1	61 184	25 329 179	413.98	56 960	15 145 530	265.90
8	HJ2	52 769	21 911 384	415.23	50 722	12 544 694	247.32
9	HJ3	71 272	29 515 050	414.12	58 713	14 789 341	251.89
10	SJ1	57 851	23 967 940	414.30	62 131	15 253 138	245.50
11	SJ2	50 718	21 007 303	414.20	48 938	12 420 015	253.79
12	SJ3	53 953	22 393 230	415.05	50 552	12 609 526	249.44

处理		ace	chao	shannon	simpson
细菌	CK	396.101±26.623 c	395.677±28.698 c	3.729±0.220 b	0.902±0.016 b
	BJ	2 374.591±124.13 a	2,374.591±118.95 a	7.073±0.251 a	0.998±0.013 a
	HJ	2 496.573±154.77 a	2,469.195±109.23 a	6.960±0.301 a	0.997±0.011 a
	SJ	1 893.688±194.73 b	1,872.626±156.37 b	6.631 ±0.278 a	0.996±0.010 a
真菌	CK	68.823±7.544 c	67.846±7.215 c	1.170±0.125 b	0.418± 0.075 b
	BJ	553.826±52.520 a	554.324±53.761 a	4.493±0.102 a	0.966±0.014 a
	HJ	558.696±60.024 a	558.709 ±61.221 a	4.277±0.261 a	0.949±0.017 a
	SJ	457.011±78.694 b	456.764±43.261 b	4.177±0.201 a	0.949±0.025 a

处理		ace	chao	shannon	simpson
细菌	CK	396.101±26.623 c	395.677±28.698 c	3.729±0.220 b	0.902±0.016 b
	BJ	2 374.591±124.13 a	2,374.591±118.95 a	7.073±0.251 a	0.998±0.013 a
	HJ	2 496.573±154.77 a	2,469.195±109.23 a	6.960±0.301 a	0.997±0.011 a
	SJ	1 893.688±194.73 b	1,872.626±156.37 b	6.631 ±0.278 a	0.996±0.010 a
真菌	CK	68.823±7.544 c	67.846±7.215 c	1.170±0.125 b	0.418± 0.075 b
	BJ	553.826±52.520 a	554.324±53.761 a	4.493±0.102 a	0.966±0.014 a
	HJ	558.696±60.024 a	558.709 ±61.221 a	4.277±0.261 a	0.949±0.017 a
	SJ	457.011±78.694 b	456.764±43.261 b	4.177±0.201 a	0.949±0.025 a