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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 69-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0058

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

连续施用不同有机肥对设施番茄产量和土壤性状的影响

徐传银1(), 季建彬2, 孙克时3, 黑若楠4, 马艳4, 王光飞4()   

  1. 1 东海县农业技术推广中心， 江苏连云港 222300
    2 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院， 南京 211800
    3 江苏农垦农业发展股份有限公司岗埠分公司， 江苏连云港 222344
    4 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用（滨海盐碱地）重点实验室， 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-04-07 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    王光飞，男，1988年出生，江西婺源人，副研究员，博士，主要从事土壤改良与功能肥料研究。通信地址：210014 南京市玄武区钟灵街50号 江苏省农科院农业资源与环境研究所，Tel：025-84391251，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐传银，女，1981年出生，江苏连云港人，推广研究员，本科，主要从事土壤肥料研究。通信地址：222000 江苏省连云港市东海县牛山街道府苑路26号，Tel：0518-80219827，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“多元增值有机肥料研发与集成应用”(2023YFD1702200)

Effects of Continuous Application of Different Organic Fertilizers on Yield of Facility Tomatoes and Soil Properties

XU Chuanyin1(), JI Jianbin2, SUN Keshi3, HEI Ruonan4, MA Yan4, WANG Guangfei4()   

  1. 1 Donghai County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222300
    2 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 211800
    3 Gangbu Branch, Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222344
    4 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-alkali Land), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-04-07 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

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摘要：

为探明不同有机肥连续施用对设施番茄的影响，通过3 a连续定位试验，以农户常用农家肥(CK)为对照，研究生物有机肥(BOF)、腐熟鸡粪菇渣(CMOF)和腐熟猪粪菇渣(PMOF)对果实产量与品质、土壤综合性状和病害发生率方面的影响。结果表明：与CK相比，CMOF和PMOF增加5.35%和3.98%的番茄总产量，而BOF降低2.26%的总产量。CMOF和PMOF分别降低果实硝酸盐27.6、35.9 mg/kg。CMOF和PMOF对土壤pH和有机质含量均有增加作用，且PMOF为显著增加，两处理对土壤电导率均有一定的减少作用。CMOF显著增加速效钾，而PMOF略降低速效钾。BOF显著提高土壤pH，但降低了土壤电导率、有机质和速效氮磷钾养分。CMOF和PMOF对土壤容重有改善效果，而BOF土壤容重恶化。PMOF和CMOF均显著增加了土壤细菌和放线菌数量，CMOF增加了芽孢杆菌数量，而PMOF显著减少真菌数量。BOF对微生物数量没有增殖作用，且显著减少了真菌和木霉数量。根结线虫发病率则表现为CMOF和PMOF显著低于CK和BOF。综上，CMOF和PMOF均可显著提高番茄产量、改善土壤微生物性状、降低根结线虫发病率并改善部分土壤化学性状。BOF投入量低，虽然有利于降低过剩盐分和养分，但有机质含量显著降低且土壤微生物性状改善效果甚微。

关键词: 设施番茄, 腐熟有机肥, 土壤性状, 微生物群落, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the effects of continuous application of different organic fertilizers on facility tomatoes, a three-year continuous field experiment was conducted. The commonly used farmyard manure by farmers (CK) was used as the control, and the effects of bio-organic fertilizer (BOF), composted chicken manure and mushroom residue (CMOF), and composted pig manure and mushroom residue (PMOF) on fruit yield and quality, soil comprehensive properties and disease incidence were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, CMOF and PMOF increased the total tomato yield by 5.35% and 3.98%, respectively, while BOF decreased the total yield by 2.26%. CMOF and PMOF reduced the nitrate content in fruits by 28.7 and 35.9 mg/kg, respectively. CMOF and PMOF both increased soil pH and organic matter content, and PMOF had a significant increase. Both treatments reduced soil electrical conductivity to a certain extent. CMOF significantly increased available potassium, while PMOF slightly decreased available potassium. BOF significantly increased soil pH, but decreased soil electrical conductivity, organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. CMOF and PMOF improved soil bulk density, while BOF deteriorated soil bulk density. PMOF and CMOF significantly increased the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, CMOF increased the number of Bacillus, while PMOF significantly reduced the number of fungi. BOF had no proliferative effect on the number of microorganisms and significantly reduced the number of fungi and Trichoderma. The incidence of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in CMOF and PMOF than in CK and BOF. In conclusion, CMOF and PMOF can significantly increase tomato yield, improve soil microbial properties, reduce the incidence of nematodes and improve some soil chemical properties. BOF has a low input, although it is beneficial to reduce excessive salt and nutrients, the organic matter content is significantly reduced and the improvement effect on soil microbial properties is very limited.

Key words: facility tomatoes, well-rotted organic fertilizer, soil properties, microbial communities, yield

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