葡萄园土壤有机覆盖条件下土壤微生物群落与土壤代谢研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0810

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 146-155.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0810

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

葡萄园土壤有机覆盖条件下土壤微生物群落与土壤代谢研究进展

杨偲淇¹(), 赵欣茹¹, 张军翔¹^,²^,³, 李扬⁴, 张亮¹^,²^,³(), 薛婷婷¹^,²^,³()

¹ 宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院，银川 750021
² 葡萄与葡萄酒教育部工程研究中心，银川 750021
³ 宁夏葡萄与葡萄酒工程技术研究中心，银川 750021
⁴ 宁夏张裕龙谕酒庄有限公司，银川 750021

收稿日期:2025-09-22 修回日期:2026-01-04 出版日期:2026-02-27 发布日期:2026-02-27
通讯作者:
薛婷婷，女，1993年出生，陕西榆林人，副教授，博士，主要从事酿酒葡萄冬季免埋土和生态栽培方面的研究工作。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区怀远路文萃北街215号宁夏大学朔方校区，E-mail：xtt@nxu.edu.cn。
张亮，男，1991年出生，甘肃天水人，讲师，博士，主要从事葡萄智能管理与土壤微生态方面的研究工作。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区怀远路文萃北街215号宁夏大学朔方校区，E-mail：zl2022@nxu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
杨偲淇，女，2000年出生，浙江嘉兴人，在读硕士，研究方向：酿酒葡萄生态栽培。通信地址：750021 宁夏回族自治区银川市西夏区怀远路文萃北街215号宁夏大学，E-mail：12023131696@stu.nxu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（地区基金）“贺兰山东麓保护性耕作葡萄园土壤团聚体有机碳固存机制”(32360804); 宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目“贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄水肥耦合及水分养分精准调控关键技术研究与示范”(2024BBF02003)

Research Progress on Soil Microbial Community and Soil Metabolism Under Organic Mulching Conditions in Vineyards

YANG Siqi¹(), ZHAO Xinru¹, ZHANG Junxiang¹^,²^,³, LI Yang⁴, ZHANG Liang¹^,²^,³(), XUE Tingting¹^,²^,³()

¹ College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
² Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021
³ Ningxia Grape and Wine Engineering Technology Center, Yinchuan 750021
⁴ Ningxia Zhangyu Longyu Estate Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 750021

Received:2025-09-22 Revised:2026-01-04 Published:2026-02-27 Online:2026-02-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统葡萄园土壤管理问题，聚焦葡萄园土壤有机覆盖这一关键措施，综述了其对土壤微生物群落和土壤代谢的影响。研究发现，有机覆盖通过驱动多阶段腐解过程，显著提升土壤细菌多样性，并富集木质素降解等关键真菌功能类群。更重要的是，有机覆盖增加了碳水化合物、有机酸和脂质等代谢产物的积累，激活核心代谢通路，从而优化养分循环效率。微生物与代谢产物之间形成的协同互作网络，进一步强化了葡萄园土壤生态系统的功能稳定性。本研究为葡萄园土壤管理和可持续农业提供了理论依据，并对该领域的未来研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 葡萄园, 有机覆盖, 腐解, 土壤微生物群落, 土壤代谢, 养分循环

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of prominent soil management issues in traditional vineyards, organic mulching is a crucial measure for achieving sustainable soil management. This practice enhances soil fertility, improves soil structure, and regulates the microclimate within vineyards. However, there are relatively few studies on soil microorganisms and soil metabolism under organic mulching in vineyards at present. Research has found that organic mulching significantly enhances soil bacterial diversity and enriches key fungal functional groups such as lignin degradation by driving multi-stage decomposition processes. More importantly, organic coverage increases the accumulation of metabolites such as carbohydrates, organic acids, and lipids, activating core metabolic pathways and optimizing nutrient cycling efficiency The synergistic interaction network formed between microorganisms and metabolites further strengthens the functional stability of soil ecosystems in vineyards. This study provides a theoretical support for soil management and sustainable agriculture in vineyards, while also outlining future research directions in this field.

Key words: vineyard, organic mulching, humification, soil microbial community, soil metabolism, nutrient cycling

杨偲淇, 赵欣茹, 张军翔, 李扬, 张亮, 薛婷婷. 葡萄园土壤有机覆盖条件下土壤微生物群落与土壤代谢研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(4): 146-155.

YANG Siqi, ZHAO Xinru, ZHANG Junxiang, LI Yang, ZHANG Liang, XUE Tingting. Research Progress on Soil Microbial Community and Soil Metabolism Under Organic Mulching Conditions in Vineyards[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(4): 146-155.

图/表 3

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位置	处理方式	影响	有机覆盖下优势菌门/属	参考文献
中国山东	自然生草、人工种植狗牙草、人工种植高羊茅覆盖	清耕、使用除草剂、自然生草、种植狗牙草、种植高羊茅的土壤细菌OTU总数分别为1896、1994、1963、2040和2027，与清耕相比，自然生草与种植狗牙草的土壤特有OTU数更多	Rhizobium、Bacillus、 Nitrospira、Sulfrubrobacter、 Rhodanobacter、Mesorhizobium	[15]
中国宁夏	自然生草覆盖	自然生草处理显著提高了土壤细菌和真菌的OTU数量与丰富度指数，尤其是在生长后期	Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、 Ascomycota、Basidiomycota	[16]
德国莱茵高	添加生物动力制备的堆肥和蓍草、洋甘菊、荨麻、蒲公英、缬草和橡树皮等植物制备物	基于总体样本平均值，有机管理下的土壤细菌物种丰富度（平均2723种）显著高于集成管理（平均2609种），有覆盖的土壤中真菌丰富度平均达615种，显著高于无覆盖的树下土壤（平均537种）	Proteobacteria、Planctomycetes、 Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、 Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、 Chloroflexi、Verrucomicrobia、 Gemmatimonadetes、Chlamydiae	[50]
美国加利福尼亚州	非谷物草覆盖、豆科+谷物作物覆盖、豆科+谷物+芥菜作物覆盖、豆科覆盖、芥菜覆盖、无作物覆盖	有机覆盖显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构。与非谷物草覆盖以外的其他处理（包括豆科、芥菜及自然植被）相比，非谷物草覆盖土壤中放线菌门相对丰度提高1.48倍，浮霉菌纲提高1.33倍；芥菜覆盖土壤中厚壁菌门丰度比无芥菜的处理高1.54倍	Actinobacteria、Planctomycetes、 Firmicutes、Tenericutes	[52]
意大利特伦蒂诺- 南蒂罗尔	豆科植物和禾本科植物覆盖	有机覆盖的土壤中细菌和真菌的OTU数量显著高于有机和生物动力管理的土壤，行间种植绿肥的土壤平均细菌OTU数量为10480，其他处理的土壤平均细菌OTU数量为8970和8850；行间种植绿肥的土壤平均真菌OTU数量为1230，其他处理的土壤平均真菌OTU数量为1150和1140	Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、 Acidobacteria、Gemmatimonadetes、 Ascomycota、Basidiomycota、 Zygomycota	[53]
德国莱茵高	禾本科植物混合覆盖	有机覆盖处理下真菌OTU平均数量为134个，高于耕作处理的116个，显著促进了真菌的丰富度，覆盖处理富集了偏好稳定、酸性环境的微生物	Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、 Verrucomicrobia	[55]

位置	处理方式	影响	有机覆盖下优势菌门/属	参考文献
中国山东	自然生草、人工种植狗牙草、人工种植高羊茅覆盖	清耕、使用除草剂、自然生草、种植狗牙草、种植高羊茅的土壤细菌OTU总数分别为1896、1994、1963、2040和2027，与清耕相比，自然生草与种植狗牙草的土壤特有OTU数更多	Rhizobium、Bacillus、 Nitrospira、Sulfrubrobacter、 Rhodanobacter、Mesorhizobium	[15]
中国宁夏	自然生草覆盖	自然生草处理显著提高了土壤细菌和真菌的OTU数量与丰富度指数，尤其是在生长后期	Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、 Ascomycota、Basidiomycota	[16]
德国莱茵高	添加生物动力制备的堆肥和蓍草、洋甘菊、荨麻、蒲公英、缬草和橡树皮等植物制备物	基于总体样本平均值，有机管理下的土壤细菌物种丰富度（平均2723种）显著高于集成管理（平均2609种），有覆盖的土壤中真菌丰富度平均达615种，显著高于无覆盖的树下土壤（平均537种）	Proteobacteria、Planctomycetes、 Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria、 Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、 Chloroflexi、Verrucomicrobia、 Gemmatimonadetes、Chlamydiae	[50]
美国加利福尼亚州	非谷物草覆盖、豆科+谷物作物覆盖、豆科+谷物+芥菜作物覆盖、豆科覆盖、芥菜覆盖、无作物覆盖	有机覆盖显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构。与非谷物草覆盖以外的其他处理（包括豆科、芥菜及自然植被）相比，非谷物草覆盖土壤中放线菌门相对丰度提高1.48倍，浮霉菌纲提高1.33倍；芥菜覆盖土壤中厚壁菌门丰度比无芥菜的处理高1.54倍	Actinobacteria、Planctomycetes、 Firmicutes、Tenericutes	[52]
意大利特伦蒂诺- 南蒂罗尔	豆科植物和禾本科植物覆盖	有机覆盖的土壤中细菌和真菌的OTU数量显著高于有机和生物动力管理的土壤，行间种植绿肥的土壤平均细菌OTU数量为10480，其他处理的土壤平均细菌OTU数量为8970和8850；行间种植绿肥的土壤平均真菌OTU数量为1230，其他处理的土壤平均真菌OTU数量为1150和1140	Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria、 Acidobacteria、Gemmatimonadetes、 Ascomycota、Basidiomycota、 Zygomycota	[53]
德国莱茵高	禾本科植物混合覆盖	有机覆盖处理下真菌OTU平均数量为134个，高于耕作处理的116个，显著促进了真菌的丰富度，覆盖处理富集了偏好稳定、酸性环境的微生物	Acidobacteria、Actinobacteria、 Verrucomicrobia	[55]

葡萄园土壤有机覆盖条件下土壤微生物群落与土壤代谢研究进展

Research Progress on Soil Microbial Community and Soil Metabolism Under Organic Mulching Conditions in Vineyards

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