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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (15): 53-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0707

所属专题: 生物技术

• 研资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

草型湖泊水生植物残体的生物降解研究进展

高岩1,2(), 李志斐2,3, 刘阳2,3, 王广军2,3, 谢骏2,3, 郭照良1()   

  1. 1佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院,广东佛山 528000
    2中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所/农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室,广州 510380
    3广东省水产养殖污染修复生态工程技术研究中心,广州 510380
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-15 修回日期:2022-03-17 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 郭照良
  • 作者简介:高岩,男,1997年出生,河北人,在读硕士,主要从事渔业生态环境修复工作。通信地址:528000 广东省佛山市南海区狮山镇广云路33号 佛山科学技术学院(仙溪校区)生命科学与工程学院,E-mail: 1036081902@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部财政专项“白洋淀水生生物资源环境调查及渔业生态修复示范工程”(2130106-ZJBYD);国家自然科学基金“芽孢杆菌AHLs降解酶介导群体感应调控生物膜脱氮的作用机制”(31802348)

Biodegradation of Aquatic Plant Residues in Macrophytic Lake: A Review

GAO Yan1,2(), LI Zhifei2,3, LIU Yang2,3, WANG Guangjun2,3, XIE Jun2,3, GUO Zhaoliang1()   

  1. 1College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000
    2Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510380
    3Guangdong Ecological Remediation of Aquaculture Pollution Research Center, Guangzhou 510380
  • Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2022-03-17 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-07
  • Contact: GUO Zhaoliang

摘要:

在草型湖泊中,水生高等植物受到湖体内高营养刺激而大量生长。虽然植物的大量生长在短时间内降低了湖体营养盐,提高了透明度,但当水生植物进入衰亡期,其残体在水力和生物的作用下腐解,释放大量的营养物质,进一步加剧湖水中的富营养化状态。腐解后的植物残体会变成泥炭沉积于湖底,易使湖底升高,水位降低,加速湖泊的沼泽化进程。过多的水生植物残体极容易对水生态的平衡造成威胁,因此,本研究详细介绍了水生植物残体在湖泊中的分解机制与影响,探究底栖动物和微生物在植物残体降解中的应用,并提出建议与展望,为植物残体降解修复研究奠定基础。

关键词: 草型湖泊, 植物残体腐解, 富营养化, 沼泽化, 生物降解, 底栖动物, 微生物

Abstract:

Aquatic higher plants are growing under the stimulation of high nutrients in macrophytic lakes, and the massive growth of aquatic plants can reduce lake nutrient content and improve water transparency in a short time. However, after aquatic plants entering the decay period, their residues could be decomposed and release a large amount of nutrients under the hydraulic and biological action, aggravating the eutrophication of lake water. Subsequently, the residues will be converted into peat and deposited on the bottom of the lake, which causes the rise of lake bottom and the decline of the water level, and accelerates the paludification of lakes. Excessive aquatic plant residues are very likely to pose a threat to aquatic ecological balance. Therefore, this paper introduced the decomposition mechanism of aquatic plant residues in lakes and the influence factors, and explored the application of zoobenthos and microorganisms in the degradation of plant residues. Finally, suggestions were put forward to lay a foundation for the remediation of plant residue decomposition.

Key words: macrophytic lake, plant residue decomposition, eutrophication, paludification, biodegradation, zoobenthos, microorganism

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