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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 86-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0301

所属专题: 农业工程

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

环保型农林保水剂研制、性能与应用

刘颖(), 耿丹丹, 韩永胜, 魏敏(), 刘柳   

  1. 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所,成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-22 修回日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-03-05 发布日期:2022-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 魏敏
  • 作者简介:刘颖,女,1986年出生,四川遂宁人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事辐照技术研究与农化产品开发。通信地址:610061 四川成都锦江区狮子山路106号 四川省农业科学院生物技术核枝术研究所,Tel:028-84504607,E-mail: yew1100@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省财政创新能力提升工程“辐照聚合保水型肥料包膜材料的研制及应用”(2016GYSH-001);四川省科技计划项目“新型环保保水剂在农林上示范应用”(2017NZZJ013)

Environment-friendly Superabsorbent: Development, Property and Application

LIU Ying(), GENG Dandan, HAN Yongsheng, WEI Min(), LIU Liu   

  1. Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2021-03-22 Revised:2021-06-16 Online:2022-03-05 Published:2022-04-13
  • Contact: WEI Min

摘要:

为促进保水剂在农业中应用的环境安全性与合理化,利用60Coγ射线引发合成纤维素类保水剂,探索其最佳反应条件,研究尿素、不同价态阳离子对保水剂保水性能的影响,并分析保水剂在土壤中的保水性能和生物降解性,并利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构。结果表明,交联剂用量和CMCNa添加量分别为单体总质量的0.2%和20%,吸收剂量为8.47 kGy,是最佳反应条件,此时保水剂在去离子水中吸水倍率为367 g/g,15天生物降解率为6.41%。尿素浓度对保水剂的保水性能影响较小,而阳离子可显著降低保水剂的吸水倍率,抑制作用从大到小依次为Fe3+>Mg2+>Na+。合成的保水剂能减少土壤中水分流失,提高土壤含水量。因此,合成的保水剂与尿素共混施用或用于包裹尿素比较适宜,并且其具有较好的生物降解性与保水性,在农业领域有一定应用前景。

关键词: 保水剂, 60Coγ射线, 生物降解, 水分流失, 尿素

Abstract:

To promote the environmental safety and reasonable application of superabsorbent in agriculture, cellulosic superabsorbent is prepared by irradiation from a 60Coγ source. The optimal reaction condition in the synthetic process was explored, and the water absorption properties of the superabsorbent under different cations and urea concentrations, and the biodegradation and water retention property of the superabsorbent in soil were further analyzed. Moreover, the chemical structures of the superabsorbent were investigated by FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the optimal reaction condition was: superabsorbent composite containing 20% CMCNa and 0.2% crosslinker at absorbed dose of 8.47 kGy. The water absorption rate of the superabsorbent in deionized water was 367 g/g and the biodegradation rate was 6.41% after 15 days. The concentration of urea had little effect on the water retention property of the superabsorbent and the cations could significantly reduce the water absorption rate, and the inhibitory effect of cations on the absorption efficiency was ranked as: Fe3+> Mg2+> Na+. The superabsorbent could effectively reduce soil water loss and improve soil water content, therefore is suitable to mix with urea or added into the coating material for urea. The superabsorbent has good biodegradation and water retention property, and a certain application prospect in agriculture.

Key words: superabsorbent, 60Co γ-ray irradiation, biodegradation, water loss, urea

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