明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0095

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (14): 90-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0095

所属专题：资源与环境

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

刘颖(), 魏敏(), 杨平华, 耿丹丹

四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所,成都 610066

收稿日期:2021-01-26 修回日期:2021-03-24 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-05-19
通讯作者: 魏敏
作者简介:刘颖,女,1986年出生,四川遂宁人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事辐照技术研究与农化产品开发。通信地址:610061 四川成都锦江区狮子山路106号四川省农业科学院生物技术核枝术研究所,Tel:028-84504607,E-mail: yew1100@sina.com。
基金资助:
四川省财政创新能力提升工程“辐照聚合保水型肥料包膜材料的研制及应用”(2016GYSH-001)

Preparation and Environmental Protection Performance of Gelatin/PVA Coating Materials of Fertilizers

Liu Ying(), Wei Min(), Yang Pinghua, Geng Dandan

Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066

Received:2021-01-26 Revised:2021-03-24 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-05-19
Contact: Wei Min

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

具有较好环保性能的包膜材料用于缓控释肥生产,可防止膜材料对土壤造成的潜在危害。本文以明胶、聚乙烯醇为原料复合共混制备膜材料,利用红外光谱(FTIR),扫描电镜(SEM)表征材料结构,并研究了膜材料拉伸强度和断裂伸张率力学性能,受控堆肥条件下的生物降解行为,明胶/PVA复合材料包膜尿素的养分缓释性及对小鼠的急性经口毒性。结果表明:当复合膜材料配比为m_(PVA):m_(Gel)=4:1时,组分相容性最好,并表现出良好力学性能、养分缓释性能和生物降解性能,复合材料包膜的肥料对小鼠无毒性作用,具有较好安全性。因此明胶/PVA复合膜材料具有较好的环保性能,其作为缓控释肥料的包膜材料具有较好应用前景。

关键词: 包膜肥料, 明胶, 聚乙烯醇, 包膜材料, 缓控释肥, 环保性, 生物降解

Abstract:

Environmentally friendly resin has been used as coating materials in manufacturing controlled/slow release fertilizers to prevent the potential damage of resin to soil. The coating materials with various mass ration of gelatin/PVA were obtained by solution blending. The chemical structures of the materials were investigated by FTIR and SEM, the tensile strength, breaking extension and nutrient release rate were measured. Moreover, the biodegradation behaviors of the materials under controlled composting conditions and the acute oral toxicity in mice were studied. The results showed that an optimal compatibility could be achieved when the mass ratio of PVA to gelatin was 4 to 1. The coating materials had good mechanical properties, biodegradability and sustained release properties. The materials were actually non-toxic to mice and had relatively good safety. In general, gelatin/PVA coating materials of fertilizers have good environmental protection performance and application prospect.

Key words: Coated fertilizer, Gelatin, PVA, coating materials, controlled/slow release fertilizers, environmental protection performance, biodegradation

中图分类号:

S143.1

刘颖, 魏敏, 杨平华, 耿丹丹. 明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(14): 90-96.

Liu Ying, Wei Min, Yang Pinghua, Geng Dandan. Preparation and Environmental Protection Performance of Gelatin/PVA Coating Materials of Fertilizers[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(14): 90-96.

图/表 9

图1. 复合膜材料配比液静置4 h后的照片

图2. 复合膜材料的断面SEM图[m(PVA):m(Gel)=4:1]

图3. PVA、复合膜材料及明胶的红外光谱图（a:PVA;b:复合膜材料,c:明胶）

图4. PVA含量对复合膜断裂伸长率、拉伸强度的影响

样品	外观	干固体含量/%	水份含量/%	干固体中总有机碳含量/%	理论二氧化碳放量/(CO₂ g/100 g)
复合膜材料	粉末	94.74	5.26	51.51	188.87
纤维素	粉末	99.89	0.11	44.42	162.87

表1. 材料的基本特性

图5. 受控堆肥条件下复合膜和纤维素的CO2释放曲线

图6. 受控堆肥条件下复合膜和纤维素的生物分解曲线

图7. SCU和PSCU氮素释放特性曲线

剂量/[mg/(kg·bw)	性别	数量/只	初质/g	终质量/g	死亡数/只	器脏病变数/只
5000	雌性	10	22.6±1.0	29.8±1.0	0	0
5000	雄性	10	23.8±1.3	37.6±2.7	0	0

表2. PSCU对小鼠的急性经口毒性

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明胶/PVA类肥料包膜材料的制备与环保性能研究

Preparation and Environmental Protection Performance of Gelatin/PVA Coating Materials of Fertilizers

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