生防菌盾壳霉对油菜根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0381

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (32): 92-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0381

所属专题：生物技术；油料作物

生防菌盾壳霉对油菜根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

杨潇湘¹^,²(), 黄小琴¹^,², 张蕾¹^,², 张重梅¹^,², 鲜赟曦¹, 周西全¹, 刘勇¹^,²()

¹四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都 610066
²农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都 610066

收稿日期:2022-05-05 修回日期:2022-07-27 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-09
通讯作者: 刘勇
作者简介:杨潇湘,女,1987年出生,四川崇州人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事油菜病害及其生物防治方面的研究。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺20号四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel：028-84504089,E-mail： yxxsaas@163.com。
基金资助:
四川省科技计划项目“HMGR在生防菌盾壳霉分生孢子形成和重寄生过程中的功能解析”(2019YJ0606);四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目“生物安全前沿技术”(1+9KJGG006);四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金“基于转录组与代谢组解析盾壳霉寄生植物病原菌核盘菌的机理”(2019QYXE014);四川省农业科学院拔尖人才专项“HMGR在生防菌盾壳霉分生孢子形成和重寄生过程中的功能解析”(2020BJRC007);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川油菜创新团队“油菜根肿病和菌核病绿色防控技术集成与应用”(sccxtd-2021-03)

Biocontrol Fungus Coniothyrium minitans: Effects on Microbial Community Structure in Oilseed Rape Rhizosphere Soil

YANG Xiaoxiang¹^,²(), HUANG Xiaoqin¹^,², ZHANG Lei¹^,², ZHANG Zhongmei¹^,², XIAN Yunxi¹, ZHOU Xiquan¹, LIU Yong¹^,²()

¹Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
²Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Southwest Agriculture Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066

Received:2022-05-05 Revised:2022-07-27 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-09
Contact: LIU Yong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确油菜菌核病生防菌盾壳霉施用后对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,为盾壳霉在实际生产中的应用提供理论依据。以喷施盾壳霉为处理组(CM),喷施清水为对照组(CK),调查不同处理下油菜菌核病的发生情况,并采用高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落变化。结果表明：对照组油菜菌核病的病株率和病情指数分别高达74.64%和46.13;而处理组菌核病病株率和病情指数分别降低至23.33%和9.37,防治效果达79.70%;此外,喷施盾壳霉还改变了油菜根际土壤微生物群落结构,使得土壤真菌种群的丰富度和多样性程度显著增加;在门水平上,喷施盾壳霉促使土壤中变形菌门、芽单胞菌门、子囊菌门、被孢霉门和担子菌门等的相对丰度增加,导致放线菌门的相对丰度比例降低。在属水平上,施加盾壳霉可增加鞘氨醇单胞菌属、溶杆菌属、独岛菌属、短梗蠕孢属、镰刀菌属、曲霉属、Plectosphaerella等属的丰富度,会显著降低unidentified_Chitinophagaceae、寡养单胞菌、地杆菌属、梭孢壳属和Cutaneotrichosporon等的相对丰度。喷施盾壳霉能有效防治油菜菌核病,增加土壤真菌种群丰富和多样性,改善土壤微生物群落结构,研究结果为盾壳霉的田间大面积推广提供依据。

关键词: 盾壳霉, 核盘菌, 菌核病, 油菜, 生防真菌, 微生物群落

Abstract:

The aims are to determine the effect of Coniothyrium minitans on soil microbial community structure, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of this biocontrol fungus in production. The occurrence of Sclerotinia stem rot was investigated by spraying C. minitans as treatment group (CM) and spraying clean water as control group (CK), and the changes of soil microbial community were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the incidence rate and disease index of Sclerotinia stem rot in control group were up to 74.64% and 46.13, respectively. While, the incidence rate and disease index were reduced to 23.33% and 9.37, respectively, in treatment group, and the control effect was 79.70%. In addition, the soil microbial community structure was changed and the abundance and diversity of soil fungi were significantly increased after spraying C. minitans. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were increased, but the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased after spraying with C. minitans. At the genus level, the abundance of Sphingomonas, Lysobacter, Dokdonella, Trichocladium, Fusarium, Aspergillus and Plectosphaerella were increased, while, the relative abundance of unidentified_Chitinophagaceae, Stenotrophomonas, Geobacter, Thielavia and Cutaneotrichosporon were decreased after spraying with C. minitans. The application of C. minitans could effectively control Sclerotinia stem rot, increase the abundance and diversity of soil fungi, and improve soil microbial community structure. The results of this study can provide a basis for the large-scale promotion of C. minitans in the field.

Key words: Coniothyrium minitans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia stem rot, Brassica napus, biological control fungi, microbial community

中图分类号:

S432.1

杨潇湘, 黄小琴, 张蕾, 张重梅, 鲜赟曦, 周西全, 刘勇. 生防菌盾壳霉对油菜根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(32): 92-98.

YANG Xiaoxiang, HUANG Xiaoqin, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Zhongmei, XIAN Yunxi, ZHOU Xiquan, LIU Yong. Biocontrol Fungus Coniothyrium minitans: Effects on Microbial Community Structure in Oilseed Rape Rhizosphere Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(32): 92-98.

图/表 7

处理	病株率/%	病情指数	病指防效/%
对照(CK)	74.67±2.49	46.13±0.70	—
盾壳霉(CM)	23.33±1.25	9.37±0.14	79.70

表1. 盾壳霉对油菜菌核病的防治效果

图1. 油菜根际土壤细菌和真菌的稀释曲线 (A)：细菌的稀释曲线,(B)：真菌的稀释曲线

项目	细菌		真菌
项目	盾壳霉(CM)	对照(CK)	盾壳霉(CM)	对照(CK)
OTU数	2176	2194	653	544
ACE指数	2553.757	2552.920	707.428	638.386
Chao1指数	2852.682	2851.983	693.355	625.493
香农指数	8.072	8.071	5.679	4.867
辛普森多样性指数	0.984	0.984	0.908	0.823
覆盖度	0.988	0.987	0.997	0.997

表2. 土壤细菌和真菌丰度和微生物多样性

图2. 细菌门水平的物种相对丰度

图3. 细菌属水平的物种相对丰度

图4. 真菌门水平的物种相对丰度

图5. 真菌属水平的物种相对丰度

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生防菌盾壳霉对油菜根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Biocontrol Fungus Coniothyrium minitans: Effects on Microbial Community Structure in Oilseed Rape Rhizosphere Soil

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