Abstract:

To achieve efficient mechanized production in orchards, this paper first clarifies the key technologies from four aspects: aerial and ground inspection of orchards, autonomous navigation of power platforms, mechanized management of production under orchard trees, and intelligent production control. The paper particularly highlights the current status of technologies such as orchard task map construction, autonomous navigation, integrated fertilization and irrigation, targeted grass cutting, precision pesticide application, three-dimensional pruning, flexible flower thinning, mechanical pollination, intelligent harvesting, and multi-machine collaborative control. It then reviews the challenges in orchard mechanization in China, particularly in the context of hilly and mountainous regions. These challenges include the development of application scenarios, the establishment of machine-compatible infrastructure, the research and development of key core technologies and equipment, as well as the improvement of machinery operation quality and the enhancement of operator skills. Finally, the paper outlines five key areas for development: increasing subsidies for machinery and focusing on guiding young talent, promoting standardized orchard construction and management, addressing equipment gaps in orchard operations using new principles, methods, and technologies, advancing the intelligent integration of equipment in hilly and gentle slope orchards, and strengthening the integration and application of intelligent technological equipment in standardized orchards on gentle slopes.

Key words: orchard mechanization, intelligence, production management, key issues, development priorities