Abstract: To study the effects on water and salt movement and wheat yield of straw returning and wheat cultivars choosing, two wheat cultivars, salt-resistant wheat cultivars (Dekang 961) and common wheat cultivars (Lumai 10), were planted with or without straw returning. The results showed that straw returning decreased the water movement from deep soil layer to topsoil significantly, and also decreased the movement of soil salt. And using salt-resistant wheat cultivars could increase the capacity of salt-resistance, and decrease the movement of soil salt. Both using salt-resistant wheat cultivars and straw returning could increase the wheat yield. And the increase of wheat yield was resulted by the comprehensive improvement of yield components, among them the contribution of spike number per hectare was higher. Compare with straw returning, the using of salt-resistant wheat cultivars had more obviously effects on the decrease of soil salt moving and the increase of wheat yield. In conclusion, using salt-resistant wheat cultivars with straw returning is a better method to increase the wheat yield in saline soil.