Abstract:

Meloidogyne incognita represents the most widespread species and is found in every country in which the lowest temperature is more than 3℃. The M . incognita is able to infect the roots of almost all cultivated plants making it perhaps the most damaging of all crop pathogens. Although chemical nematicides are the most reliable means of controlling southern root-knot nematodes, they are increasingly being withdrawn owing to their toxicity to humans and the environment . The study of pathogenic genes provides insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize and counter defenses of immunocompetent plants, and suggests new antiparasitic strategies.