Abstract: Abstract: Anhui is one of the most important wheat prodction area in China. The variety improvement is the most significant scientific and technologic factor in wheat production, and the variety changes played a crucial role for wheat yield increase in the past decades. This paper analyzed the wheat growing area, performance in field, and major agronomic characters of historical leading varieties grown in Anhui from 1950 to 2008, and discovered that the evolution of variety takes more or less 10 year as one period, varieties grown in east and west regions of Anhui were obviously different, and area grown facultative varieties decreased at early stage and increased again in recent years. Suggestions about variety employment and improvement were also presented.