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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (33): 100-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090135

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期施用不同粪源堆肥对果园土壤肥力与 重金属积累的影响

倪中应,姚玉才,章明奎   

  1. 桐庐县农业和林业技术推广中心,浙江大学 环境与资源学院,浙江大学 环境与资源学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-29 修回日期:2016-12-02 接受日期:2016-12-14 出版日期:2017-11-27 发布日期:2017-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 章明奎
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目“东南城郊环保型集约化生态高值农业模式研究与示范”(2014BAD14B04)；浙江省农业厅“桐庐县农业‘两区’土壤 污染治理试点试验”。

Soil Fertility and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Orchard System: Under Short-term Application of Compost with Different Manure Sources

  • Received:2016-09-29 Revised:2016-12-02 Accepted:2016-12-14 Online:2017-11-27 Published:2017-11-27

摘要： 为了解不同来源畜禽粪堆肥对土壤及农产品质量的影响,选择一般农户猪粪堆肥(低重金属堆肥)和规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥(高重金属堆肥)在桃园中进行为期3年的培肥田间小区试验,探讨了短期施用不同粪源有机肥对果园土壤肥力及土壤-果实中重金属积累的影响。试验设5个处理,分别为对照(常规化肥)及化肥配施一般农户猪粪堆肥、2倍一般农户猪粪堆肥、规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥和2倍规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥。结果表明,施用堆肥可轻微增加土壤pH值,但与对照未达到显著差异；施用堆肥可改善土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾水平,与对照之间的差异随施用年限的增加而增加；在改善全氮、有效磷和速效钾方面,规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥比一般农户猪粪堆肥的效果更明显。试验3年后,施用二种猪粪源堆肥对土壤中Pb、Co、Ni和Hg积累均无明显的影响,但对Cu、Zn、Cd、As产生了不同程度的影响。其中,施用2倍一般农户猪粪堆肥和施用规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥显著增加了土壤中Cu和Zn的积累,施用2倍规模化养殖场猪粪堆肥显著增加了土壤中Cd和As的积累。所有处理的果实(桃子)中重金属均没有超标；但试验结果也表明,施用养殖场猪粪堆肥3年后,果实中Cu、Zn含量显著高于对照处理。研究认为,短期施用猪粪堆肥对果园土壤和果实中重金属污染风险较小。

关键词: 甜菜色素, 甜菜色素, 种类, 分布, 石竹目

Abstract: To understand the effects of livestock and poultry manure- compost on the quality of soil and agricultural products, a three-year field experiment of using pig manure compost from both family farm with low heavy metal and large-scale farm with high heavy metal to improve soil fertility was conducted. The effects of short- term application of compost with different manure sources on soil fertility and heavy metal accumulation in orchard system were discussed. The experiment included five treatments: chemical fertilizers (control), chemical fertilizer+ family farm manure compost, chemical fertilizer+ 2 times of family farm manure compost, chemical fertilizer+ large-scale farm manure compost, and chemical fertilizer+ 2 times of large-scale farm manure compost. The results showed that composts application could slightly increase pH value of the soil, but no significant difference was found among soils with different treatments. Application of composts could improve soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, the effects increased with application years. The improving effects of large-scale farm manure compost were more obvious than that of the family farm manure compost. Three-year continuous fertilization for each of the five treatments had no significant effects on accumulation Pb, Co, Ni, and Hg in the soil, but it increased accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd and As in the soil. Among them, application of 2 times of family farm manure compost and large-scale farm manure compost could improve soil Cu and Zn accumulation, and application of 2 times of large-scale farm manure compost significantly increased Cd and As accumulation in the soil. All heavy metals in peaches of all treatments did not exceed the quality standards. However, the results also showed that Cu and Zn contents in fruits of large-scale farm manure compost treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. Therefore, short term application of pig manure compost has less risk of heavy metal pollution to orchard soil and fruit.