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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 151-156.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0557

所属专题： 水稻

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖南省几种母质类型水稻土土壤肥力特征

袁红 盛浩 廖超林 周清 张杨珠 谢红霞 黄运湘   

  • 收稿日期:2013-03-04 修回日期:2013-04-10 出版日期:2014-01-25 发布日期:2014-01-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题“中南稻区复合生物循环技术集成与示范之子专题：稻田生物质-有机肥料-农田系统模式构建与示范”(2012BAD14B17)；湖南农业大学引进人才基金项目“亚热带旱坡地土壤呼吸对植物碳输入的响应”(11YJ20)。

Profile Distribution of Soil Fertility Factors in Different Types of Paddy Soils in Hunan Province

  • Received:2013-03-04 Revised:2013-04-10 Online:2014-01-25 Published:2014-01-25

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摘要： 水稻土是亚热带红壤丘陵区最重要的粮食生产基地，有机质和土壤氮、磷、钾含量等常作为水稻土肥力水平的重要评价指标，可有效的表征土壤的基本肥力状况和供肥强度。选取长沙市郊5种母质类型的水稻土，按土壤发生层的分层取样，研究土壤有机质及氮、磷、钾等养分肥力指标在土壤剖面中的分布特点，探讨亚热带不同母质类型水稻土的供肥特性。结果表明，不同母质类型水稻土剖面各层次有机质含量之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)，耕作层(A)、渗育层(P)显著高于母质层(C)。土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。不同稻田土壤层次间供肥强度各不相同，碱解氮供应强度介于5.55~7.26之间，有效磷介于1.04~6.31之间，速效钾介于0.45~2.41之间，麻沙泥田的W2层、黄泥田Ⅱ的C层、红黄泥的We层供氮强度明显高于其他层次，河沙泥田、黄泥田Ⅰ则是随深度增加强度减弱。供钾强度和供磷强度在稻田土壤剖面中变化趋势相似，A层相对较强，P层和W层较弱。不同母质稻田土壤整体供肥强度差异明显，黄泥田Ⅱ和红黄泥田供肥强度较高，其次分别是黄泥田Ⅰ、河沙泥田、麻沙泥田。土壤有机质与土壤氮磷的表聚系数存在显著相关，综合供肥强度及表聚性系数，黄泥田Ⅱ的土壤肥力相对较高，红黄泥田、黄泥田Ⅰ的土壤肥力水平次之，河沙泥田和麻沙泥田最低，这与利用第二次全国土壤普查地力分级标准得到的结果一致。

关键词: 生物学特性, 生物学特性

Abstract: The soil organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), as soil primary fertility factors, always are effective indicator of soil fertility quality. In the present study, five subtropical paddy soils developed from different parent materials were selected, and take profiles samples with soil formation, analyzed the profile distribution of OM and NPK. The results showed that, the contents of OM differ significantly from various soil layers, as well as different parent materials. And they mainly concentrated on the plough horizon and precogenic horizon, with the lowest value in the waterloggogenic horizon. The contents of NPK decreased markedly with increasing soil depth. The capability of soil nutrient-supply varied with paddy soils developed from different parent materials, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen between 5.55 with 7.26, available phosphorus was 1.04 to 6.31, and available potassium was 0.45 to 2.41. The capability of soil nutrient-supply also varied with every layer. The capability of soil nitrogen-supply of sub-waterloggogenic horizon and parent material layer was higher to other layers in granite sandy soil and yellow clayey soilⅡ, reddish yellow clayey soil. In alluvial sandy soil and yellow clayey soilⅠ, it was decreased with the increasing soil depth. It was similar of the capability of soil P and K-supply in profile with the different paddy soil. The rule was the surface higher, and the waterloggogenic horizon lower. There were significant correlation between accumulation coefficient and soil OM and the capability of soil N, P-supply. It was implied that accumulation coefficient also was one of soil fertility factors, like as soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and so on. The contents of soil fertility factors decreased with increasing soil depth in different types of subtropical paddy soils, soil fertility of yellow clayey soilⅡwas higher, then was reddish yellow clayey soil and yellow clayey soilⅠ, the lowest was granite sandy soil and alluvial sandy soil.