植物转基因技术研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2368

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 转基因技术是当今生物技术研究的热点，是研究基因功能及作物改良的重要技术。转基因技术在农业、医学、食品、生物及能源等领域应用广泛、发展迅速，已开发出多种产品并投入市场。为了进一步推动转基因技术在农业中的应用，本研究总结了农杆菌介导、聚乙二醇介导等植物常用的遗传转化方法；介绍了愈伤组织系统、原生质体系统等受体系统，简介了启动子、标记基因、报告基因等表达载体构建的重要因素，并分析了这些技术在实际应用中的特点及局限，对新近出现的植物转化方法，也进行了推介和评述。最后，对公众关心的转基因技术安全性问题及解决策略进行了综述。

关键词: 第二季茎瘤芥, 第二季茎瘤芥, 播种期, 品种, 育苗方式, 生育期, 产量

Abstract: Transgenic technology is a central issue of modern biotechnology, and it is also an important method for gene function analysis and breed improvement. Transgenic technology developed rapidly, and it has widely applied in the field of agriculture, medicine, foods, biology and energy. In order to promote the application of transgenic technologies in extractive industry, genetic transformation techs were systematically reviewed in this paper. Firstly, conventional transformation methods, such as agrobacterium- mediated transformation and ployethylene glycol (PEG) mediated transformation, were summarized; Secondly, receptor systems used for genetic transformation were introduced; Thirdly, the construction of expression vector system were illustrated, in this part, the conception of promoter, marker gene and reporter gene were curtly referred. The advantages and limitations of current transformation methods were also concluded. Further, this review introduced some new transformation methods for the advanced investigation of plant science. Lastly, this paper discussed the security problem and solutions of transgenic technology.

骆翔刘志颐章树民申硕王德福王劲松. 植物转基因技术研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(15): 234-240.

参考文献

[1] 卢占军,陈眷华,刘敏跃.转基因技术及其应用[J].饲料工业,2004,25 (12):58-63.
[2] 马忠强,尹航.转基因技术在作物育种中的应用[J].现代化农业, 2009,10:25-26.
[3] 于德花,刘玉新,张明兴.利用转基因技术进行作物遗传改良的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(11):3167-3168.
[4] Srinivasan T, Kumar K R, Kirti P B. Constitutive Expression of a Trypsin Protease Inhibitor Confers Multiple Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco[J].Plant and Cell Physiology, 2012,50(3):541- 553.
[5] Kwak K J, Kim J Y, Kim Y O, et al. Characterization of Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Overexpressing High Mobility Group B Proteins under High Salinity, Drought or Cold Stress [J]. Plant and Celogy, 2012,4(2):221-231.
[6] Hiei Y, Ohta S, Komari T, et al. Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of boundaries of the T-DNA[J]. The Plant Journal, 1994,6 (2):271-282.
[7] Vasil V, Castillo A M, Fromm M E, et al. Herbicide resistant fertile transgenic wheat plants obtained by microprojectile[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 1992,10:667-674.
[8] Shu W, Yoshimatsu K, Yamaguchi H, et al. High production of ginsenosides by transformed root cultures of Panax ginseng: effect of basal medium and Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains[J]. Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1999,117: 148-154.
[9] Mathur J, Koncz C. PEG-mediated protoplast transformation with naked DNA[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 1998,82:267-276.
[10] Hu W, Cheng C L. Expression of Aequorea green fluorescent protein in plant cells[J]. FEBS lett, 1995, 369(2):331-334.
[11] Klein T M, Arentzen R, Lewis P A, et al. Transformation of microbes, plants and animals by particle bombardment[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 1992, 10(3):286-291.
[12] Klein T M, Harper E C, Svab Z, et al. Stable genetic transformation of intact Nicotiana cells by the particle bombardment process[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1988,85(22):8502-8505.
[13] John J F, Michael D M. Transformation of soybean via particle bombardment of embryogenic suspension culture tissue[J]. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 1991,27(4):175-182.
[14] Fromm M E, Taylor L P, Walbot V. Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation[J]. Nature, 1986,319(6056): 791-793.
[15] Riggs C D, Bates G W. Stable transformation of tobacco by electroporation: evidence for plasmid concatenation[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1986, 83(15):5602-5606.
[16] Zhang L J, Cheng L M, Xu N, et al. Efficient transformarion of tobacco by ultrasonication[J]. Nat Biotechnol, 1991, 9:996-997.
[17] Reich T J, Iyer V N, Miki B L. Efficient transformation of alfalfa protoplasts by the intranuclear microinjection of Ti plasmids[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 1986,4:1001-1004.
[18] Holm P B, Olsen O, Schnorf M, et al. Transformation of barley by microinjection into isolated zygote protoplasts[J]. Transgenic Research, 2000,9(1):21-32.
[19] Luo Z X, Wu R. A simple method for the transformation of rice via the pollen-tube pathway[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 1989, 7(1):69-77.
[20] 奚亚军,任鹏,刘曙东,等.花粉管通道法转化小麦影响因素的研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(6):23-25.
[21] Ye G N, Stone D, Pang S Z, et al. Arabidopsis ovule is the target for Agrobacterium in planta vacuum infiltration transformation[J]. The plant journal, 1999, 19(3): 249-257.
[22] Anthony T T, Stephen H B, Igor V K, et al. Transformation of Medicago truncatula via infiltration of seedlings or flowering plants with Agrobacterium[J]. The plant journal, 2000, 22(6):531-541.
[23] Kaeppler H F, Somers D A, Rines H W, et al. Silicon carbide fibermediated stable transformation of plant cells[J]. Tag Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1992,84(5):560-566.
[24] Antonelli N M, Stadle J. Genomic DNA can be used with cation methods forhighly efficient transformation of maize protoplasts[J]. Theor Appl Genet, 1990,80:395-398.
[25] 王兰岚,傅荣昭,宋桂英,等.利用激光微束穿刺法将外源基因导入小麦的研究[J].遗传学报, 1995,22(5):394-399.
[26] Torney F, Trewyn B G, Lin V S, et al. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles deliver DNA and chemicals into plants[J]. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008,2(5):295-300.
[27] 卢倩.植物转化受体研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2013,6:23-28.
[28] Sidorov V A, Kasten D, Pang S Z, et al. Stable chloroplast transformation in potato: use of green fluorescent protein as a plastid marker[J]. the plant journal, 1999,19(2):209-216.
[29] 吴刚,夏英武.植物转基因沉默及对策[J].生物技术,2000,10(2):27- 32.
[30] Napoli C, Lemieux C, Jorgensen R. Introduction of a chimeric chalcone synthase gene into perunia results in reveroible cosuppression of homologous gene in trans[J]. Plant Cell,1990,2: 279-289.
[31] Bryeyne P V, Montagu M, Depicker, et al. Characterization of a plant scaffold attachmsent region in a DNA fragment that notmalizes transgene expression in tobacoo[J]. Plant Cell, 1992,4: 463-471.
[32] 徐志超,陆晓涵,杜娟,等.Leafy启动子控制下5-烯醇式丙酮酰-莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶基因（CP4EPSPS）的表达增强芽对草甘膦的抗性[J].农业生物技术学报,2012,1:23-29.
[33] 李俊,刘翠琼,尹伟伦,等.转基因植物中标记基因研究概况[J].植物学报,2009,44(4):497-505.
[34] Mullins M G, Tang F C A, Facciot ti D. Agrobacteriummediated genetic transf ormation of grapev ines: transgenic plants of Vitis rupestr is Scheele and buds of Vitis vinifera L.[J]. Biotechnology, 1990,8:041-1045.
[35] Jaiwal P K, Sahoo L, Singh N D, et al. Strategies to dealw ith the concern aboutmarker genes in transgenic plants: some environmentf riendly approac hes[J]. Curr Sci, 2002,83, 128-136.
[36] 刘广金,姚晓林,蒋家平,等.转基因植物中安全标记基因的研究进展[J].现代农林科技.2008,4:208-210.
[37] De Vetten N, Wolters A M, Raemakers K, et al. A transformation method for obtaining marker-free plants of a cross-pollinating and vegetatively propagated crop [J]. Nature Biotech, 2003, 21:439-442.
[38] Komari T, Hiei Y, Saito Y, et al. Vectors carrying two separate TDNAs for co- transformation of higher plants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and segregation of transformation free from selection marker[J]. Plant J, 1996,10:165-174.
[39] Daley M, Knauf V C, Summerfelt K R, et al. Co- transformation with the one Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing two binary plasmids as a method for producing marker- free transgenic plants[J]. Plant Cell Rep, 1998,17:489-496.
[40] Ebinuma H, Sugita K, Matsunaga E, et al. Selection of marker-free transgenic plants using the isopentenyl transferase gene as selectable marker[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1997,94:2117-2121.
[41] Goldsbrough A P, Lastrella C N, Yoder J I. Transposition mediated re- positioning and subsequent elimination of marker genes from transgenic tomato[J]. Biotechnology, 1993,11:1286-1292.
[42] Sternberg N, Hamilton D, Austin S. Site-specific recombination and its role in the life cycle of bacteriophage P1 [J]. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1981,45: 297-309.
[43] Kilby N J, Snaith M R, Murray J A. Site- specific recombinases: tools for genome engineering[J]. Trends Genet, 1993, 9:413-421.